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Secrets.
Good secrets are possible: things like a tasty recipe, your unfinished album, or company staff payrolls. Privacy is lovely, but we swap it for convenience often.
But the cesspool of bad secrets farmed by the CIA and NSA are a toxic wasteland of bad secret information. Harbouring the waste is risky, in 2015 the NSA got hacked revealing the home address and personal details of 4 million employees! One good way to protect against such a breach would be to just delete the stuff and recycle the hard drives. Here is an astonishing one hour lecture by a hero named Kevin Shipp. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHbrOg092GA Turns out the CIA put in charge of Kennedys assassination was fired by Kennedy earlier. That shows how quick the shadow government took control over. All attempts to curtail so far get sunk in classified quagmires, odd suicides and hits.
A Class Action Application For Interim Orders For A Stay Of Proceedings Pending Reclassification Of Cannabis Via Judicial Review; And Of The Failure Of The Statutory Duties Of The EACD, MOH, HRC And Office of the Queens Council to the Parliament of NZ
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As a random act of kindness, I quit my job at the time, and spent about 300 hours learning law and raising up this interim injunction to help in the case of a stranger, a man I had never met but who had been accused of growing 500 plants in Cambridge. I offered him accommodations at my house in Auckland (after his trip from Whangarei) and a lift to Hamilton to face the charges and travelled their with him that day.
This is a class action interim injunction against various agencies of crown this year. I did not actually serve the notice to the crown – well actually I did try but it was not accepted for filing by the registrar – but don’t worry, in 2017 I fully intend to serve this to the crown at the High Court in Auckland.
Without further ado… the action: Â (The following is a full text paste from the official documents linked above)
In the District Court of New Zealand, Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton Registry
IN THE MATTER OF THE Judicature Act 1908, Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, The Health Act 1956, Bill of Rights Act 1990, UN DRIPs 2007, Magna Carta 1215, King v Penn 1670 (Tower of London); Orders of King Henry 1533 and Elizabeth 1563; A Class Action Application For Interim Orders For A Stay Of Proceedings Pending Reclassification Of Cannabis Via Judicial Review; And Of The Failure Of The Statutory Duties Of The EACD, MOH, HRC And Office of the Queens Council to the Parliament of NZ
Crown versus Xxxxl                        CRI-2015-0X9-00XX19 (upcoming hearing 0X# November 2016)
Crown versus Xxxxxxxn      CRI-2014-0X4-029XX; CRI-2015-0X4-0085XX; and CRI-2015-404-00X365 (sentenced 29/10/2015, high court appeal 15/12/2015)
Crown versus Citizens        class action interim injunction on behalf of 46% of NZ citizens hereby initiated
BETWEEN Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Rxxxx Xxxxxt Xxxxl, of Whangarei, Engineer Applicant
Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn, of Auckland, Professional Drummer, Website Consultant, Law Enthusiast Applicant
The Citizens of New Zealand Class Action Applicants
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Keith Bedford, of Auckland, Toxicology, The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs Respondent failure of statutory duty in Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Chai Chuah, of Auckland, Director General Ministry of Health Respondent Section 3A Failure to adhere to the spirit of the Function of Ministry of The Health Act 1956
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â David Rutherford, Chief Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission Respondent breach of the spirit of part 2 section 17 of the NZ Bill of Rights Act 1990; breach of article 24, clause 1 of the UN Declaration on The Rights of Indigeonous Peoples 2007
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Una Jagose Solicitor General and/or Chris Finlayson Attorney General of New Zealand Respondent general and systemic failure in parliaments poor response to UNHRC5; Law Commission 20112; clarification of Mckenzie friend counsel T Xxxxxxxn; claim of right; jury nullifcation by direct address to jury to strike the prohibition with fresh bias and great prejudice.
To the Registrar In the District Court of New Zealand, Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton
This document notifies you that that the self represented applicants, Xxxxl, Xxxxxxxn, and the Citizens of New Zealand, hereby apply for the following interim and permanent injunctions, restraining the police and enforcing duty on the EACD:
You must file in this registry of the court a statement of defence to the plaintiff’s claim (a copy of which is served [1] with this notice). You must do this within 25 working days after the date on which you have been served with this notice. If you do not, the plaintiff may at once proceed to judgment on the plaintiff’s claim, and judgment may be given in your absence.
If a trial of the proceeding is necessary, it will be held in this court at Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton at a time to be fixed by the court.
The grounds on which the each order is sought are as follows:
I promise to the best of my knowledge this is made in accordance on Rules 3.52.5 3.52.28 of the District Court Rules 2009.
Signature:Â Â _________________________________________
Rxxxx Xxxxl, Applicant in person
Date: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â /Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â /
Signature:Â Â _________________________________________
Xxm Xxxxxxxn, Applicant in virtual, and authorised counsel to the Applicant like Rxxxx Xxxxl.
Date: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 29/12/16
If you file a statement of defence in the court, you must also provide the applicants with initial disclosure o          f documents in accordance with rule 8.4.
If you file a statement of defence in the court, you will be notified of the date and time of the first case management conference.
The purpose of the conference is to assist the parties in the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of the proceeding, to make directions as to the conduct of the proceeding, and, where practicable, to make interlocutory orders. The parties will also be assisted to identify, define, and refine the issues in dispute.
You must prepare for and attend the first case management conference. You will be expected to have discussed with the applicant the matters set out in Schedule 5 of the High Court Rules. You or your solicitor must file a memorandum relating to the procedural matters set out in rule 7.3 of the High Court Rules.
Signature:Â Â _________________________________________
Name:
Date: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â /Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â /
(Registrar/Deputy Registrar*)
*Select one.
Note: Please carefully read the memorandum attached to this notice.
In the District Court of New Zealand, Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton Registry
IN THE MATTER OF THE Judicature Act 1908, Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, The Health Act 1956, Bill of Rights Act 1990, UN DRIPs 2007, Magna Carta 1215, King v Penn 1670 (Tower of London); Orders of King Henry 1533 and Elizabeth 1563; A Class Action Application For Interim Orders For A Stay Of Proceedings Pending Reclassification Of Cannabis Via Judicial Review; And Of The Failure Of The Statutory Duties Of The EACD, MOH, HRC And Office of the Queens Council to the Parliament of NZ
Crown versus Xxxxl                        CRI-2015-0X9-00XX19 (upcoming hearing 29 Sept 2016)
Crown versus Xxxxxxxn      CRI-2014-0X4-029XX; CRI-2015-0X4-0085XX; and CRI-2015-404-00X365 (sentenced 29 October 2015, high court appeal 15 December 2015)
Crown versus Citizens        class action interim injunction on behalf of 46% of NZ citizens hereby initiated
BETWEEN Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Rxxxx Xxxxxt Xxxxl, of Whangarei, Engineer Applicant
Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn, of Auckland, Professional Drummer, Website Consultant, Law Enthusiast Applicant
The Citizens of New Zealand Class Action Applicants
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Keith Bedford, of Auckland, Toxicology, The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs Respondent failure of statutory duty in Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Chai Chuah, of Auckland, Director General Ministry of Health Respondent Section 3A Failure to adhere to the spirit of the Function of Ministry of The Health Act 1956
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â David Rutherford, Chief Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission Respondent breach of the spirit of part 2 section 17 of the NZ Bill of Rights Act 1990; breach of article 24, clause 1 of the UN Declaration on The Rights of Indigeonous Peoples 2007
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Chris Finlayson Solicitor General of New Zealand Respondent general and systemic failure in parliaments poor response to UNHRC 5; Law Commission 20112; clarification of Mckenzie friend counsel T Xxxxxxxn; claim of right; jury nullifcation by direct address to jury to strike the prohibition with fresh bias and great prejudice.
Advice: Although you do not have to employ a solicitor for the purpose of this proceeding, it is recommended that you consult a solicitor about this matter immediately. However, a company or other corporation that wants to defend this proceeding or appear at any hearing must consult a solicitor immediately because—
(a) it can only carry on a proceeding in the court by a solicitor; and
(b) it cannot appear to conduct a proceeding except by counsel (unless there are exceptional circumstances).
Legal aid: If you cannot afford to meet the cost of the proceeding, you may be entitled to assistance under the Legal Services Act 2011.
The plaintiff has applied for legal aid for the purpose of this proceeding.
Statement of defence: If the last day for filing your statement of defence falls on a day on which the registry of the court is closed, you may file your statement of defence on the next day on which that registry is open.
In calculating the time for filing your statement of defence you must disregard the period that commences with 25Â December and ends with 15Â January.
If you file a statement of defence, you must serve a copy of it on the applicants who have given an address for service. This must be done within the same period of time you have for filing the statement of defence.
Counterclaim: If you have a counterclaim against the plaintiff, you must file a statement of that counterclaim in the registry of the court, and serve it on the applicant and on any other person against whom the same claim is made. This must be done within the same period of time you have for filing a statement of defence.
Witnesses: Summonses for the attendance of witnesses will be issued on application at the registry of the court.
Registry hours: The registry hours of the court are from 9Â am to 5Â pm, except on court holidays.
Rxxxx Xxxxxt Xxxxl
Applicant
Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn
Applicant, and council to Xxxxl
International Drummer, Recording Artist, Web Designer, Law Reform Enthusiast
xxxxxxs@legalise.org.nz
The Cannabis Consuming People of New Zealand
Future Class Action Applicant
THE EACD
Dr Keith Bedford
Respondent
Auckland, Toxicology, The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs. The Committee is administered by a Secretariat comprised of Ministry of Health officials and advisers, as required.
EACD Secretariat
c/o Regulatory Practice and Analysis
Medsafe
Ministry of Health
PO Box 2013
Wellington
eacd@moh.govt.nz
keith.bedford@esr.cri.nz
THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Dr Chai Chuah, of Auckland, Director General Ministry of Health
Respondent
Ministry of Health
PO Box 5013
Wellington 6140
chai_chuah@moh.govt.nz
SSC-Media@SSC.govt.nz
psychoactives@moh.govt.nz
THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
David Rutherford, Chief Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission
Respondant
Level 7, The AIG Building, 41 Shortland Street, Auckland
PO Box 6751, Wellesley Street, Auckland 1141
infoline@hrc.co.nz
roberth@hrc.co.nz
Una Jagose Solicitor General and Chris Finlayson Solicitor General of New Zealand
Respondant
Level 3
Justice Centre
19 Aitken Street
Wellington, 6011
New Zealand
c.finlayson@parliament.govt.nz
oia@crownlaw.govt.nz
Filed by                                   Rxxxx Xxxxl, the applicant in person.
And; for many other persons:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The Citizens of New Zealand and Rxxxx Xxxxl.
The plaintiff claims: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The Right to an injunction and Judicial Review
UNDER THE Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Judicature Act 1908, Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
IN THE MATTER OF AN APPLICATION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE FAILURE OF THE STATUTORY DUTIES OF THE EACD AND INTERIM ORDER FOR STAY OF PROCEEDINGS PENDING RECLASSIFICATION OF CANNABIS
IN THE MATTER Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â of breach of natural justice, breach of democracy.
AND                                        of removing, in its capacity of administration of the act, and due to overwelming evidence in support of the medicinal use of Cannabis Sativa and it’s variant straings, all mention of Cannabis plant and extracts in any schedule of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, an act which is solely administered by the Ministry of Health.
AND                                        of breach of Section 3A of The Health Act 1956 in regards to the Function of Ministry in relation to public health; by failure to carry out it’s core founding function of improving, promoting, and protecting public health in relation to Cannabis.
ANDÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â of contravention of part 2 section 17 of the NZ Bill of Rights Act 1990 in relation to Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. Namely that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion, and belief, including the right to adopt and to hold opinions without interference.
ANDÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â of contravention of article 24, clause 1 of the UN Declaration on The Rights of Indigeonous Peoples 2007; expressly that Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals. Indigenous individuals also have the right to access, without any discrimination, to all social and health services.
AND IN THE MATTER               of the resulting financial, physiological and psychological damages arising from punishments out of all proportion to the “crimes†commited, and resulting from the lack of access to appropriate herbal medicine
Â
Causes of action:
Â
I, Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn, of Ponsonby, Auckland, 39 years of age (13/0X/19XX) hereby wish to make this formal application for an emergency interlocutory with a crown representative, a member of the EACD, the Auckland commissioner for Human Rights, in Auckland, before Thursday 29 September 2016, that being the day of an upcoming prosecution of a wholly innocent man of thought crime in the Hamilton district court:
Crown v Xxxxl CRI-2015-0X9-00XX19 Thursday 29 September 2016;
15019008168 Cultivates (lead charges for 500 plants in Cambridge found 1 October 2015)
All charges: 15019008169 / 15019008170 / 15019008171 / 15019008172 Possess Equipment to Cultivate / 15019008767 / 15019008768 / 15019008769 / 15019008770 / 15019008772
And my own personal application for Habeas Corpus to overturn or hide my conviction and sentence on 29 October 2015, and my requeset to be able to work as a musician which were dismissed at the High Court on 15 December 2015.
Crown v Xxxxxxxn CRI-2014-0X4-029XX and CRI-2015-0X4-0085XX; and CRI-2015-404-00X365
And a class action lawsuit I’m preparing against the government on behalf of the 400,000 people in New Zealand whom have tried the prohibited cannabis once in their lives, seeking potential damages of $4 billion but including a waiver settlement in return for our remedy.
I hereby seek an urgent interlocutory order or a direction relating to a matter of procedure; subject to the Supreme Court Act 2003Â [3].
The matter of procedure relates to at least eight areas:
During the April 2016 meeting of the following minutes are noted, shown below in italics, where members note that only “one molecule of a controlled substance to be present in preparation†whereas cannabis is not a molecule.
[redacted] advised that currently, if a practitioner wishes to prescribe a cannabinoid or products that contain cannabinoids, they have to make an application to the Minister. Currently there are no products containing only CBD that are approved medicines both domestically and internationally. There are however, a number of non-pharmaceutical products available. It was noted that there was a difference of opinion between ESR and MoH regarding whether or not CBD should be considered a controlled drug or not. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia have recently down-scheduled CBD to a prescription only medicine with less than two percent of other cannabinoids as most CBD extracts contain small amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) due to the difficulty and associated cost to separate the two substances. The Misuse of Drugs Act (MoDA) only requires one molecule of a controlled substance to be present in a preparation for it to be captured as a controlled drug.
There is an entry in the Medicines Regulations for CBD as a prescription medicine, however, if it is also considered a controlled drug, then MoDA acts as the dominant piece of legislation.
Dunne approves one-off use of ‘Elixinol’ on compassionate grounds; a cannabidiol (CBD) product from the United States to be administered by clinicians treating Wellington patient Alex Renton:
“I have also considered the absence of any other treatment options, the low risk of significant adverse effects, and the conclusion reached by the hospital ethics committee from an individual patient perspective.†– Peter Dunne
THC – Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol, THCA – Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid, THCV – Tetrahydrocannabivarin, CBD – Cannabidiol, CBN – Cannabinol, CBG – Cannabigerol, CBC – Cannabichromene, Terpenes – diverse group of organic HydroCarbons (C5H8).
Yet thought crimes are indefensible.
In NZ, recently bills have been proposed to reverse the convictions of homosexual men accused of performing sodomy or anal sex – this non-crime is essentially similar to drug non-crime in that it is a non-crime of thought as well as prosecutor-led court action that is victimless, lacks a witness and is also complainant-free.[19]
The cases are:
In both cases the jury acquitted the accused of “thought crimes†despite considerable evidence, due to the fact that a thought crime is not defendable.
The right of defence was that they acted urgently to save another life.
In the District Court of New Zealand, Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton Registry
IN THE MATTER OF THE Judicature Act 1908, Misuse of Drugs Act 1975, The Health Act 1956, Bill of Rights Act 1990, UN DRIPs 2007, Magna Carta 1215, King v Penn 1670 (Tower of London); Orders of King Henry 1533 and Elizabeth 1563; A Class Action Application For Interim Orders For A Stay Of Proceedings Pending Reclassification Of Cannabis Via Judicial Review; And Of The Failure Of The Statutory Duties Of The EACD, MOH, HRC And Office of the Queens Council to the Parliament of NZ
Crown versus Xxxxl                        CRI-2015-0X9-00XX19 (upcoming hearing 29 Sept 2016)
Crown versus Xxxxxxxn      CRI-2014-0X4-029XX; CRI-2015-0X4-0085XX; and CRI-2015-404-00X365 (sentenced 29 October 2015, high court appeal 15 December 2015)
Crown versus Citizens        class action interim injunction on behalf of 46% of NZ citizens hereby initiated
BETWEEN Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Rxxxx Xxxxxt Xxxxl, of Whangarei, Engineer Applicant
Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn, of Auckland, Professional Drummer, Website Consultant, Law Enthusiast Applicant
The Citizens of New Zealand Class Action Applicants
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Keith Bedford, of Auckland, Toxicology, The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs Respondent failure of statutory duty in Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Dr Chai Chuah, of Auckland, Director General Ministry of Health Respondent Section 3A Failure to adhere to the spirit of the Function of Ministry of The Health Act 1956
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â David Rutherford, Chief Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission Respondent breach of the spirit of part 2 section 17 of the NZ Bill of Rights Act 1990; breach of article 24, clause 1 of the UN Declaration on The Rights of Indigeonous Peoples 2007
AND Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Chris Finlayson Solicitor General of New Zealand Respondent general and systemic failure in parliaments poor response to UNHRC 5; Law Commission 20112; clarification of Mckenzie friend counsel T Xxxxxxxn; claim of right; jury nullifcation by direct address to jury to strike the prohibition with fresh bias and great prejudice.
To: The Registrar of the District Court
I, Rxxxx Xxxxl, the applicant in this proceeding, undertake that if, by reason of the granting of the order for injunction sought by the applicant, the respondants sustain any damages that in the opinion of the court the applicant ought to pay, the applicant requests, in accordance with wording of the law – to let the costs lie where they fall.
On the above basis the plaintiff seeks the following remedy:
THC, THC-A, CBD, CBN, CBC, CBG, CBC and potentially about 80 other chemicals in the class of compounds known as cannabinoids and terpynes, found in abundance in the cannabis plant. Cannabinoids are responsible for many of the effects of cannabis consumption and have important therapeutic benefits.
Signature: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â (sign here)
Laws are weak guarantees of outcomes.
We outlaw murder, theft, but they still happen.
This is not to say those crimes are OK, and this is not to say that all laws are bad. But sometimes there are better alternatives.
The law is no substitute for consciousness. The legality of a thing is no guarantee of the morality of it.
Sometimes a humane approach is the right approach; we should be allowed to consider when they are appropriate, and be allowed to request the jury to consider it, not prevented from depositing this historic, scientific, and cultural evidence.
And if ethics and humanity can by fact provide greater guarantee of desired outcomes and protection of individual human rights than legislation is – then it’s that moment when the actual laws and policies themselves are left forlorn and obsolete, and they become a tool of abuse of the state, and a way to discriminate and segreate communities with violnce and promotes a culture of gang warfare.
Yours sincerely, Xxxxxs and Rxxxx.
Thursday, 29 September 2016 at the District Court of Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton
PS Thank you and thanks in advance for your eagerly awaited reply! Some further information about the drugs found in the plant cannabis sativa are in my appendix. As you can see I have actually purposefully held back on the questions for my interlocution, as their is a lot more material I have not covered in Appendix B.
Xxm Xxxxxxxn – Director
The Xxxxxsachi Corporation
M: 021 xxxxx22 | Web:
Subscribe to Auckland Music Update
Bands: Xxxxxsachi.tv | tripxxxxxxx.com
Date: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â /Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â /
Name: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn
This document is filed by the plaintiff in person. The address for service of the plaintiff in this proceeding is
Suite 6734
PO Box 83000
Johnsonville
Wellington 6440
New Zealand
Next event date: Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Thursday 29 Sept 2016 Hamilton District Court
Crown versus Xxxxl     CRI-2015-0X9-00XX19 v
Filed by Xxm Xxxxxxxn, the plaintiff in person.
And; for many other persons: The Citizens of New Zealand and Rxxxx Xxxxl.
To the Registrar of the High Court at Whangarei / Auckland / Hamilton
and
To Dr Keith Bedford, The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs, Dr Chai Chuah, Director General Ministry of Health, Chris Finlayson Solicitor General of New Zealand, David Rutherford, Chief Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission
Guillermo Velasco, Cristina Sánchez & Manuel Guzmán; Nature Reviews Cancer 12, 436-444 (June 2012) | doi:10.1038/nrc3247UN Universal Human Rights 1939.pdf
Grotenhermen, Franjo (23 Jul 2012). “The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids”. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 109 (PMC3442177): 495–501. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0495. PMC 3442177. PMID 23008748. Franjo Grotenhermen, Nova-Institut, Goldenbergstrasse 2, 50354 Huerth, Germany. franjo.grotenhermen@nova-institut.de
http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/81616306/Thirty-years-on-from-NZs-tumultuous-gay-law-reform-bill
Â
A 2009 review of nearly 200 scientific trials assessing the therapeutic utility of cannabinoids for the treatment of nineteen clinical indications: Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, chronic pain, diabetes mellitus, dystonia, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, gliomas, hepatitis C, HIV, hypertension, incontinence, MRSA, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, sleep apnoea, and Tourette’s syndrome.
interlocutory application—
4 Application for review
On an application which may be called an application for re view, the High Court may, notwithstanding any right of appeal possessed by the applicant in relation to the subject matter of the application, by order grant, in relation to the exercise, refusal to exercise, or proposed or purported exercise by any per son of a statutory power, any relief that the applicant would be entitled to, in any one or more of the proceedings for a writ or order of or in the nature of mandamus, prohibition, or certiorari or for a declaration or injunction, against that person in any such proceedings.
Excerpts from point 5: Cannabidiol (CBD)
[redacted] (Senior Policy Analyst, MoH) and [redacted] (Principal Advisor, Medicines control) attended the meeting at 10.21am.
Dr Stewart Jessamine chaired the discussion as Assoc. Prof. Cynthia Darlington had declared a conflict of interest due to her involvement in preclinical research into cannabinoid pharmacology. The Committee had no issues with Assoc. Prof. Cynthia Darlington being present for the discussion given her expertise in the area but she would be excluded from the decision making process due to the outcome potentially impacting the regulatory environment for research.
[redacted] gave a brief contextual overview within the Ministry of Health (MoH). [redacted] has been involved in therapeutic uses of controlled drugs for the last few years, with her main area of interest recently being around medicinal cannabis. The MoH policy unit are of the understanding that Minister Dunne is comfortable around the current legal framework regarding access and use of controlled drugs, but he is interested to see if the policies and processes are as streamlined as they can be regarding patient safety and access.
The policy unit are currently doing work around medicinal cannabis classification in line with the EACD meetings consideration. [redacted] gave a brief overview of the function of Medicines Control. Medicines Control is a regulatory unit that regulate the medicines supply chain, which includes controlled drugs. The classification of medicinal cannabis has been quite topical in the last year and whatever final recommendations are made by the Committee will affect Medicines Control as they administer licences, approvals, permissions etc.
[redacted] advised that currently, if a practitioner wishes to prescribe a cannabinoid or products that contain cannabinoids, they have to make an application to the Minister. Currently there are no products containing only CBD that are approved medicines both domestically and internationally. There are however, a number of non-pharmaceutical products available. It was noted that there was a difference of opinion between ESR and MoH regarding whether or not CBD should be considered a controlled drug or not. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia have recently down-scheduled CBD to a prescription only medicine with less than two percent of other cannabinoids as most CBD extracts contain small amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) due to the difficulty and associated cost to separate the two substances. The Misuse of Drugs Act (MoDA) only requires one molecule of a controlled substance to be present in a preparation for it to be captured as a controlled drug.
There is an entry in the Medicines Regulations for CBD as a prescription medicine, however, if it is also considered a controlled drug, then MoDA acts as the dominant piece of legislation.
The technical paper looked at the potential therapeutic effects of CBD in comparison to the abuse potential. The Committee had been asked to determine whether or not there was sufficient evidence to make a recommendation for de-scheduling CBD from being captured under MoDA so that it is classified as a prescription medicine only. The Committee was also asked to consider an amendment allowing CBD preparations to contatin THC and other cannabinoids found in cannabis up to a certain threshold to enable the de-scheduling of CBD to take effect. The Committee considered the options for streamlining medical access to CBD as a controlled drug.
[redacted] advised that there were some controlled drugs that had been exempted from the ministerial approval requirements process as they had been specifically named as exempt as medicines under the Misuse of Drugs Regulations. Blanket or general approvals, permissible under Regulation 22 of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations, have also been issued to supply prescribe and administer certain controlled substances . There are multiple avenues that could be considered with regard to what mechanisms are available to streamline the process to access CBD based medicines, however, the main driver for the reclassification of CBD is the TGA decision because they have set a new approach to cannabinoid based medicines.
[redacted] spoke to the notes submitted by [redacted] which covered a few issues with the current legislation. [redacted] also advised that although CBD does have the same molecular formula, ESR do not consider CBD as an isomer of THC within the specific chemical designation under MoDA as CBD is significantly different in structure from THC and is not explicitly named under the legislation. ESR also do a lot of testing for hemp growers who have expressed interest in information regarding CBD content of hemp plants and hemp fibre for therapeutic use. Another point of consideration is that more clarification around what is considered the definition of medicinal cannabis is needed.
Research in this area can be difficult due to the bureaucratic layers to obtain permission. Moving CBD out of MoDA would remove those controls but would still need to address the THC component of the argument as THC is specifically named as a controlled drug under MoDA. More research is required regarding the potential associated risks, however, the risk of CBD causing psychoactive harm is very low as CBD on its own does not produce psychoactive effects. It was also noted that approved prescription medicines have to meet quite stringent requirements regarding controls around dosage, concentration and stability among other testing criteria.
Currently, under section 29 of the Medicines Act 1981, there is an exemption for medical practitioners to prescribe unapproved medicines. Non-pharmaceutical forms do not need to meet the same requirements as approved prescription medicines.
MoH considers that CBD, even in the absence of THC, is a controlled drug under the isomer provisions of MoDA and it has administered the Medicines and Misuse of Drugs Acts in accordance with this view. If CBD is de-scheduled from MoDA to be a prescription medicine only, prescriptions will still be required to be in possession of CBD. There was a discussion around what the potential implications would be for de-scheduling CBD regarding over prescribing and abuse. Though CBD can be converted to THC, abuse and conversion of CBD to THC is considered unlikely as CBD based medicines would most likely cost much more than buying cannabis off the street as well as having to go through the process of gaining a prescription to access the CBD medicine. Currently, individuals can carry on their person up to a month’s supply of controlled drugs into NZ with appropriate overseas prescriptions and proof that it was lawfully supplied overseas for the purpose of treating a medical condition..
To address the issue around THC content in CBD medicines, it was suggested that a THC content threshold be set, similar to the allowable threshold of THC in hemp. It was discussed if the limit should be two percent, in line with Australia, or 0.35 percent in line with the threshold for THC in hemp.
The Committee queried whether there was enough evidence presented to make a recommendation for an allowable THC threshold in CBD preparations. They were particularly interested in the processes that led to the 0.35 percent threshold of THC allowed in hemp in NZ and the two percent threshold of other cannabinoids allowed in CBD medicines in Australia. The question was also raised of what the THC content of cannabis generally is.
Outcome: The Committee deferred the decision to the next meeting as more information is needed regarding the process that lead to the 0.35 percent of THC content threshold being allowed in hemp and the two percent threshold of other cannabinoids allowed in CBD medicines in Australia. Research around the effects of consumption of two percent of additional cannabinoids in a CBD product also needs to be looked at by the Secretariat and brought to the Committee.
Action: Secretariat to find out the process that lead to the 0.35 percent threshold of THC content allowed in hemp and report back to the Committee.
Action: Secretariat to find out what the process was for the TGA reaching the two percent threshold of other cannabinoids allowed in CBD medicines.
Action: Secretariat to find out more information around concentration levels of THC in the average cannabis that is circulating in the NZ market.
Action: Secretariat to find out more information regarding effects of consumption of products containing different concentrations of THC.
Action: Secretariat to add CBD to the next agenda.
[redacted] and [redacted] left the meeting at 12.04pm
Guillermo Velasco, Cristina Sánchez & Manuel Guzmán; Nature Reviews Cancer 12, 436-444 (June 2012) | doi:10.1038/nrc3247UN Universal Human Rights 1939.pdf
Grotenhermen, Franjo (23 Jul 2012). “The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids”. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 109 (PMC3442177): 495–501. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0495. PMC 3442177. PMID 23008748. Franjo Grotenhermen, Nova-Institut, Goldenbergstrasse 2, 50354 Huerth, Germany. franjo.grotenhermen@nova-institut.de
http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/81616306/Thirty-years-on-from-NZs-tumultuous-gay-law-reform-bill
Â
A 2009 review of nearly 200 scientific trials assessing the therapeutic utility of cannabinoids for the treatment of nineteen clinical indications: Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, chronic pain, diabetes mellitus, dystonia, fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders, gliomas, hepatitis C, HIV, hypertension, incontinence, MRSA, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, sleep apnoea, and Tourette’s syndrome.
THC, THC-A, CBD, CBN, CBC, CBG, CBC and about 80 other chemicals are all in a class of compounds known as cannabinoids, found in abundance in the cannabis plant. Cannabinoids are responsible for many of the effects of cannabis consumption and have important therapeutic benefits.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol or (THC) is a psychoactive cannabinoid responsible for many of the effects experienced by the cannabis user.
Mild to moderate pain relief, relaxation, insomnia and appetite stimulation.
THC has been demonstrated to have anti-depressant effects.
The majority of strains range from 12-21% THC with very potent and carefully prepared strains reaching even higher. Average THC potency is about 16-17% in Northern CA.
Recent research that suggests patients with a pre-disposition to schizophrenia and anxiety disorders should avoid high-THC cannabis. Cannabidiol or (CBD) occurs in many strains, at low levels, <1%. Â In rare cases, CBD can be the dominant cannabinoid, as high as 15% by weight. Popular CBD-rich strains (>4% CBD) include Sour Tsunami, Harlequin and Cannatonic.
It can provide relief for chronic pain due to muscle spasticity, convulsions and
inflammation. Offering relief for patients with MS, Fibromyalgia and Epilepsy.
Some researchers feel it provides effective relief from anxiety-related disorders.
CBD has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth when injected into breast and brain tumors in combination with THC.
Cannabinol or (CBN) is an oxidative degradation product of THC. It may result from improper storage or curing and extensive processing, such as when making concentrates. It is usually formed when THC is exposed to UV light and oxygen over time.
CBN has some psychoactive properties, about 10% of the strength of THC.
CBN is thought by researchers to enhance the dizziness and disorientation users of cannabis may experience.
It may cause feelings of grogginess and has been shown to reduce heart rate.
Cannabichromene or (CBC) is a rare, non-psychoactive cannabinoid, usually found at low levels (<1%) when present.
Research conducted has shown CBC has antidepressant effects, 10x those of CBD.
CBC has also been shown to improve the pain-relieving effects of THC.
Studies have demonstrated that CBC has sedative effects, promoting relaxation.
Cannabigerol or (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. It is commonly found in cannabis. CBG-acid is the precursor to both THC-acid and CBD-acid in the plant usually found at low levels (<1%) when present.
Researchers have demonstrated both pain relieving and inflammation reducing effects.
CBG reduces intraocular pressure, associated with glaucoma.
CBG has been shown to have antibiotic properties and to inhibit platelet aggregation, which slows the rate of blood clotting.
CBC has been shown to increase the viability of progenitor (stem) cells in the brains of mammals, and is therefore likely to be a form of brain growth stimulant.
Terpenes are a diverse range of hydrocarbons that make up the smell constituents of cannabis. The sense of olfaction was the first sense to evolve in animals and eukaryotic multi-celled organisms, and the olfactory senses are those closest to the brain.
Â
Case ID: 110054
Good morning Xxxxxs Xxxxxxxn,
Thank you for your emails of 17 & 18 February 2016.
You are complaining that you have been discriminated against on the grounds of ethical belief, religious belief, and political opinion due to being unable to use cannabis sativa, indica and ruderalis for medicinal and therapeutic use. You also contend that the inability to use cannabis sativa, indica and ruderalis contravenes the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, affirmed in section 13 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act.
In addition, you complain that that the inability to use cannabis sativa, indica and ruderalis also contravenes Article 24(1) of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples which sets out Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals.
You set out your linkage to Indigenous peoples as being on your father’s side, emigrants from the UK who arrived in NZ in 1852, and on your mother’s side, her being a Jewish refugee from Austria who arrived in NZ in 1939.
You also ask how you can best establish your Customary right to plant based employment, medicine and freedom of thought and the right to develop your consciousness and personality as a European citizen of NZ.
Your suggested remedy is that the HRC and the ACLC seek an injunction removing cannabis from the Schedules to the Misuse of Drugs Act.
There is no indicator in the information provided by you that the matters you complain about could arguably amount to unlawful discrimination in breach of the Human Rights Act.
The Commission will take no further action in relation to this matter.
Kind regards,
Â
Robert Hallowell
Legal Counsel
Â
9 June 2015 Beehive Press Release https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/minister-approves-one-use-cannabidiol-product-%E2%80%98elixinol%E2%80%99
Associate Minister of Health Hon Peter Dunne has today approved on compassionate grounds the one-off use of Elixinol, a cannabidiol (CBD) product from the United States to be administered by clinicians treating Wellington patient Alex Renton.
…
“I have also considered the absence of any other treatment options, the low risk of significant adverse effects, and the conclusion reached by the hospital ethics committee from an individual patient perspective.â€
Sativex® (Datasheet) GW Pharmaceuticals Ltd. UK; 2006 http://www.gwpharma.co.uk/sativex.asp
Signature of plaintiff
                                                                                               (sign here)
Full name and address: Xxxxxs Xxxxxr Xxxxxxxn
XX Xexxxnt St
Xoxxonxy
Auckland
Date:
29/12/16
[1]
Statement of claim
[2] The plant name Cannabis is from Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis), via Latin cannabis,[1] originally a Scythian or Thracian word,[2] also loaned into Persian as kanab. English hemp (Old English hænep) may be an early loan (predating Grimm’s Law) from the same Scythian source.
[3] Supreme Court Act 2003.pdf
[4] Judicature Amendment Act 1972
[5] Judicature Amendment Act 1908
[6] Error! Reference source not found.
[7] UN Declaration Righs Indigenous Peoples DRIPS_en.pdf
[8] OIA 2015150639-0001 Alex Renton Peter Dunne 2407.pdf
[9] Error! Reference source not found.
[10] Error! Reference source not found.
[11] Error! Reference source not found.
[12] Error! Reference source not found.
[13] Error! Reference source not found.
[14] Error! Reference source not found.
[15] “The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoidsâ€. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 109 (PMC3442177): 495–501. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0495. PMC 3442177free to read. PMID 23008748. Franjo Grotenhermen, Nova-Institut, Goldenbergstrasse 2, 50354 Huerth, Germany. E-mail: franjo.grotenhermen@nova-institut.de
[16] Error! Reference source not found.
[17] Error! Reference source not found.
[18] Error! Reference source not found.
[19] Petition delivered to parliament in regards the homosexual law reform bill http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/81616306/Thirty-years-on-from-NZs-tumultuous-gay-law-reform-bill
[20] Error! Reference source not found.
[21] Error! Reference source not found.
[22] Error! Reference source not found.
[23] Law Commission Review 2011.pdf
[24] Error! Reference source not found.
[25] OIA 20160197 Sue Grey – Economic Cost of Prohibition.pdf
Time to rark up the government, tired of waiting, been long enough now…
CC:Â info@cannabis.org.nz, john.tulloch@parliament.govt.
BCC: Nick Wright, Jeremy Bioletti, Pure Analytics.net, John Wilson, Jan, Bomber, Mitch Busdriver Native, Seala, Geeksunited, Andy Tonegreen, Rust In Space, Ben Brixton, Ben The@Symbol, SWF, BlKMN, Emmeline, Jerome ‘Trumpet’, Kara on gat, Kat Styling, Kiri Anahera, ‘Monza’, Nick Supergroove, Paaka, Penny, Richard Republic, Seala, AtkinsonAAA, Kp26, Alicia Burrow, Fiona Connor
To The Supreme Court of New Zealand I primarily direct this email in the To: field.
To those in the CC: field should take note of my application and duly consider it, especially the Hamilton and Auckland district courts, the EACD, and the minister of Health.
A substantial portion of the recipients are hidden in the BCC: field of this email to maintain their privacy.
Notice is given. An email shall be sent after this revealing the hidden name CRI and date of birth numbers.
I, Txxxxxs Bxxxxx Axxxxxxx, of Pxxxxxxx, Auckland, 39 years of age (xx/xx/1977) hereby wish to make this formal application for an emergency interlocutory with a crown representative and a member of the EACD before 1 September 2016, the date of another person’s trial, also in relation to, but not limited to the following past and future court actions:
The matter of procedure relates to ambiguity in the text of the law, the inheritance of laws from England, the interpretation of the meaning / purpose of a jury, inaccuracies in the text of laws, some constitutional issues, the rights of the indigenous etc:
[1] In the context of the Misuse of drugs act, what exactly is a drug?
It would seem obvious however I thought it a good place to set the context for the interrogatory please. The answer we’d assume is that a “drug†is considered for the purposes of the misuse of drugs act 1975 to be:
If this basic definition is true, then the plant genus cannabis needs to be struck out of the act in this case or by amendment, and we suggest the same or intended effect could be discovered by studying the following compounds:
THC – Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol, THCA – Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid, THCV – Tetrahydrocannabivarin, CBD – Cannabidiol, CBN – Cannabinol, CBG – Cannabigerol, CBC – Cannabichromene, Terpenes – diverse group of organic HydroCarbons (C5H8).
[2] Do the citizens of New Zealand have the right to freedom of thought or not?
[3] Does the state recognise or deny our right to the freedom to develop our own unique human personality, our cultural behaviors, lifestyles, religions, traits and customs, so long as it does not harm ourselves physically or mentally, nor anyone else or nor anyone or other nation states property in any measureable way that’s reasonable?
Recently the Mexican supreme court ruled in favour of the right to develop a personality and stuck down the ban on the cannabis plant for contravening this, so I felt this was relevant to my interlocutory application at the Supreme Court.
[4] What justification exists or why should New Zealand citizens have a right to a trial by a jury of one’s peers and is this right enshrined in any legislation currently?
[5] Does the court agree that one good purpose of a jury is to protect citizens from overzealous governments and courts by forming a safety valve or sorts for aberrant or obsolete laws?
Our nation and many others are based on the universal and historic text of the Magna Carta of 1215 AD which establishes this.
[6] Should the criminal defence be allowed to instruct juries of their conceptual civic responsibility to deliver justice to their fellow citizens perhaps over and above the duty to law and to the crown?
The relevance is that we wish to mount a defence that depends on our ability to educate on history or law and instruct the jury in this case to strike out the relevant laws, Misuse of drugs act in this case, but regardless any obstruction to our natural defence this would seem to counter to the entire reason for having jury trials at all?
[7] Is New Zealand subject to relevant UK court precedents sovereign and UK where acquittal was provided to the accused despite considerable evidence of their “thought crimes�
The cases are:
[8] Does the jury have the responsibility to deliver moral justice to the accused by acquittal from law but not guilt?
[9] Does the jury have the option to find any defendant not guilty even if doing so may require accepting the evidence of the crime as factually committed by the accused and yet also simultaneously determine the law itself to be invalid, irrelevant, obsolete, or not in the public interest in this particular case?
For example, the accused made a confession to guilt, ed his crime of thinking about it, could
if it is in direct contravention of the fact the accused was in wording of the thought crime law? (Which is the job of the police is it not?)
[10] Is it sensible or responsible for crown prosecution to proceed with CRI-2015-019-005519 if the defendant is indicating support from myself to mount a defence of a claim of right under the Crimes Act 1961 or should parliament intervene to clarify its position on the matter?
Considering the mountain of evidence against my friend (CRI-2015), and guilty admission in statements to police, an entire jury trial seems an expesive waste of tax payers money.
The fact that an accused person acted without “claim of right” is an element of certain offences with must be proved by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt. It enables a defendant to advance at their trial that they genuinely believe that what they were doing was lawful, regardless of the reasonableness of that belief.
In summing up the case to jurors, Judge Stephen Harrop said if the Waihopai Three* believed they were acting lawfully, even if they were mistaken in that belief, they must be acquitted. The right of defence was that they acted urgently to save another life.
[11] Should parliament be instructed by the supreme court to act positively and decisively on the advice of the United Nations Human Rights Commission in it’s 4th and 5th periodic reports?
These are about right to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence relating to possession with intent to supply. The UNHRC says that the burden of proof must fall with the prosecution, not with to the defence to prove innocence, so can we please have a direction from the supreme court on the matter?
[12] Do we have no other option but to forever incarcerate recidivist cannabis growers, dealers and users who refuse to cease growing, selling, and using the plant?
Most recidivist criminals receive extremely long preventative detention sentences for good reason.
Along with the United Kingdom and Israel, New Zealand is alone in not having a written, codified constitution, but at any rate laws are actually an extremely weak guarantee of outcome. We outlaw murder, theft, they still happen. This is not to say those behaviors are not bad; and it is not to say we don’t want to have any rules or laws; but that there are better guarantees of outcomes should we choose to look at the evidence.
The evidence shows that ethics, morality, and a humanity are a better guarantee of desirable outcomes for a country than strict laws to enshrine a victimless crime law initially designed to target political opponents of Richard Nixon.
[13] Should the jury and judiciary consider complex variables such as compassion, ethics, morality, and humanity or rather be instructed to instead behave more reliably like a computer, emotionless, robotic, but yet 100% fair and even entities?
Possibly a combination of the two is my guess so I seek clarification.
I would like the double positive scenario (both fair and humane) affirmed by a supreme court judge, to ensure the possibility of a fair trial for my friend and myself in future. The negative-positive combination (not human but only fair) appears to be the de facto method in NZ, hence the interlocution here.
[14] Should the judiciary and juries be instructed to overturn laws based on humanity?
It is not outside the boundaries of imagination to say that sometimes a humane approach is the right approach; thus the law in error.
And we should be allowed to consider when they are appropriate.
And when humanity can in fact provide greater enforcement for individual human rights than the actual laws – the laws and policies themselves are left forlorn and obsolete.
Law is no substitute for consciousness.
The legality of a thing is no guarantee of the morality of it.
Yours sincerely, Tom.
PS Thank you and thanks in advance for your eagerly awaited reply! Some further information about the drugs found in the plant cannabis sativa are in my appendix. As you can see I have actually purposefully held back on the questions for my interlocution, as their is a lot more material I have not covered in Appendix B. Â
Director
TC0rp
____________________________________
____________________________________
Bands: tomachi.tv | triptonites.com
THC, CBD, CBN, CBC, CBG, CBC and about 80 other chemicals are all in a class of compounds known as cannabinoids, found in abundance in the cannabis plant. Â Cannabinoids are responsible for many of the effects of cannabis consumption and have important therapeutic benefits.
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol or (THC) is a psychoactive cannabinoid responsible for many of the effects experienced by the cannabis user.
Mild to moderate pain relief, relaxation, insomnia and appetite stimulation.
THC has been demonstrated to have anti-depressant effects.
The majority of strains range from 12-21% THC with very potent and carefully prepared strains reaching even higher.
Average THC potency is about 16-17% in Northern CA.
Recent research that suggests patients with a pre-disposition to schizophrenia and anxiety disorders should avoid high-THC cannabis.
Cannabidiol or (CBD) occurs in many strains, at low levels, <1%. Â In rare cases, CBD can be the dominant cannabinoid, as high as 15% by weight. Popular CBD-rich strains (>4% CBD) include Sour Tsunami, Harlequin and Cannatonic.
It can provide relief for chronic pain due to muscle spasticity, convulsions and
inflammation. Â Offering relief for patients with MS, Fibromyalgia and Epilepsy.
Some researchers feel it provides effective relief from anxiety-related disorders.
CBD has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth when injected into breast and brain tumors in combination with THC.
Cannabinol or (CBN) is an oxidative degradation product of THC. It may result from improper storage or curing and extensive processing, such as when making concentrates. Â It is usually formed when THC is exposed to UV light and oxygen over time.
CBN has some psychoactive properties, about 10% of the strength of THC.
CBN is thought by researchers to enhance the dizziness and disorientation users of cannabis may experience.
It may cause feelings of grogginess and has been shown to reduce heart rate.
Cannabichromene or (CBC) is a rare, non-psychoactive cannabinoid, usually found at low levels (<1%) when present.
Research conducted has shown CBC has antidepressant effects, 10x those of CBD.
CBC has also been shown to improve the pain-relieving effects of THC.
Studies have demonstrated that CBC has sedative effects, promoting relaxation.
Cannabigerol or (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. Â It is commonly found in cannabis. CBG-acid is the precursor to both THC-acid and CBD-acid in the plant usually found at low levels (<1%) when present.
Researchers have demonstrated both pain relieving and inflammation reducing effects.
CBG reduces intraocular pressure, associated with glaucoma.
CBG has been shown to have antibiotic properties and to inhibit platelet aggregation, which slows the rate of blood clotting.
CBC has been shown to increase the viability of progenitor (stem) cells in the brains of mammals, and is therefore likely to be a form of brain growth stimulant.
[Skip to Open Letter To The EACD]
Pouring through the law books trying to find out why and how MODA 1975 got passed, and discovered we can blame Nixon. Ironically, like the TPPA, the US based changes pushed by Nixon were never actually implemented by the USA but were implemented by our 37th Parliament without any public consultation or approval.
Nixon shows he hates jews and pot… and psychiatrists?!
Supposed to be in control of the schedules of the Misuse of drugs act, but appear to be failing in their duties:
I hereby request to them to remove the cannabis plant and natural extracts and concentrates from the schedules, perhaps with a 1 or 2 year delay on the execution so give time to draft other regulations.
As their website says, the drug classification process is based on risk of harm to individuals or society, therefore The EACD is required to advise the Minister of Health on a range of specific criteria for each drug.
More information on the criteria for classifying drugs, the role of the EACD and the Minister of Health, and the classification process is contained in sections 3A to 5AA of the Act. Go to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 on the New Zealand Legislation website to learn more.
So far this body has only appears to have commented on the following drugs / compounds:
So far the body has produced reports about the following drugs of abuse:
Why is it I don’t see cannabis or extracts anywhere in this list? Well perhaps I shall give them all a ring and double check they have recommended cannabis to be removed from the schedules: at least so we can do scientific studies on it and to remove the contradiction!
Vickie appears a bit flaky (4:50 in) I think she should grow some balls and stand up us oppressed tokers by saying how sweet the mary-jane is:
She is good but I’d correct her on the “gateway drug” thing. The Prohibition is the gateway, not cannabis. If you can’t buy crack at your local bar or pharmacist, then you won’t be able to either at your cannabis dispensary.
So here is my open letter to them…
Dear [EACD members name],
my name is Tom Atkinson aka Tomachi. I’m an international musician and computer artist.
I’m writing to you urgently on a matter of life and death.
Mine. But also others.
I was almost killed while spending 4 nights in Mount Eden Remand Prison over the New Years public holiday, all thanks to what I can only assume is your apparent status-quo stance on the violence-promoting prohibition of cannabis. The charges were later dropped.
I also want to apply for approval to study and begin building high powered better-than-graphene hemp batteries, and the effects of it on the mind using an OpenBCI brain scanner, but I can’t with the current appearance of cannabis in the schedules of the misuse of drugs, thanks to your lack of action in a way. I request that you remove it entirely from the schedules, thereby forcing further regulation, and showing your personal strength and the power of your science committee.
Our bill of rights was originally designed as supreme legislation back in the 1980’s. But due to the perceived threat of “judicial activism”, it was passed into law in 1990 just as a regular statute. The UN has criticised our lack of constitutional human rights twice, in the fourth and fifth periodic world report on human rights! The difference, as I understand it, meant that judges in the High Court could not decide on their own volition – called judicial activism – to override any strange obsolete law based on it’s incompatibility with the bill of human rights for example. You know such petty issues such as not to be subjected to undue search and seizure, to have some kind of privacy in your own home so long as you harm no one, not to be tortured for no good reason, and to be able to practise your religion unhindered. Oh and to be provided with justice. Those types of things**.
I was tortured for a crime that involves nobody else and a dried plant.
I was tortured purely based on my religion and thoughts: Cantheism.
I wasn’t even home when the police visited, smelt my neighbour smoking cannabis, then proceeded to kick down every door in the house of 6 people living in it doing massive damage that I am still to this day repairing, all to find 1 gram of cannabis in my bedroom? Another 2 nights in MERC on charges that were later dropped during an open court plea bargain, that only would have happened because I plead Not Guilty and asked for a full jury trial.
It’s actually becoming clear to me, that there is some pretty gross abuses of human rights perpetrated by the police around this subject. Two high end studies* I found showed systemic abuse of Maori around the issue of cannabis and it’s lax interpretation by the police. This forms part of a high court injunction I am preparing to serve against you and your committee presently to attempt to force an action.
The NIH just published a study*** showing 45% reduction in bladder cancer from the people who only consumed cannabis and not tobacco. If you can’t see this obvious promise staring you in the face, then you are failing in your duty.
Shortly I intend to apply for an injunction that forces your body – the EACD – to either a) promise to provide scientific recommendations not just on cannabis sativa, but on all medicinal natural extracts including water or b) remove cannabis sativa from the schedules due to it’s medicinal qualities and it’s natural whole-plant nature.
I also plan to, based on your response to this email and phone campaign, to potentially bring a private prosecution against you if I feel you are not cognisant of aforementioned points, for failure to perform your statutory duty. Sorry. It is your job to be cognisant, as you are the expert committee!
Perhaps you’ll need to put out three studies on the pure forms of:
If you think about it, The Health Act 1956 binds the crown to do good, or as they say in that funky legal speak “the Ministry shall have the function of improving, promoting, and protecting public health.”
Kawa Kawa (Macropiper excelsum) is an indigenous whole plant based herb. The Maori shamans were banned I assume from using it in the Tohunga Suppression Act 1908, an act that was designed to screw over a man who goes by the name Rua Kenana. They never used it against him, only one brother got hit by that oppression in the end, but it had a chilling effect, and was repealed in the 1950’s or thereabouts, through an amendment.
I mention Kawakawa because it’s a whole plant medicine.
You can’t ban Oranges just because they contain vitamin C, and you haven’t yet put out an advisory on vitamin C yet. You never will, the industry seems to hate vitamin C. It’s a natural medicine so it’s difficult for us to figure out. The Swiss seem to have a good medical system that can do it.
When our 37th parliament passed the Misuse of Drugs Act it was done with no public consultation and very little debate in the house. It’s bit like the TPPA is currently being done… with John Key instead of Nixon at the helm this time acting like a foolish puppy dog for America; The evil man called Nixon at the helms after the assassination of Kennedy.
In a secretly taped recording of Nixon he can be heard saying the following on May 26, 1971 at 10:03am:
“Now this is one thing I want. IÂ want a goddam strong statement on marijuana – can IÂ get that out of this sonnofabitching domestic council?
“I mean one on marijuana that just tears the ass out of them. I see another thing in the news about it.
“You know it’s a funny thing, every one of the bastards out there for legalising marjiuana are jewish. what the christ is the matter with the jews bob? what is the matter with them? IÂ spose it’s because most of them are psychiatrists you know there’s so many because all the psychiatrists are jewish . By god we are gonna hit the marijuana thing. Â and i want to hit it right square in the puss. Â want to hit it [blah blah insane ramblings].”
Our cannabis law is based on hatred for Jews.
By the way I am one quarter Austrian Jew.
And you guys are fairly much directly responsible for that, after our pathetic politicians down in Wellington. I feel John is laughing at punishing us for the poor voter turn out. I voted always by the way.
I put it to you, that you have failed in your statutory duty and will try to find any way that I can bring a private prosecution against you and your organisation if it’s at all possible, and believe me I’ve been looking pretty hard lately.
Tomachi.
Yours truly, a truly frustrated and tired of waiting person.
PS Also if you see Vicki remind her on this point about the “gateway drug” myth she botched in the interview above. The Prohibition is the gateway, not cannabis. I can somehow tell you know this but you didn’t show this in the interview. If you can’t buy crack cocaine at your local bar or pharmacist, then you certainly won’t be able to buy it at your cannabis dispensary either – it would be stupid of them to stock anything illegal if they had a house full the brim with heavily regulated weed!
PSS Prohibition causes violence and crime. Prohibition is not the ultimate form of regulation, it is actually the abdication of responsibility. Regulation will stop the gangs and prevent people from getting hooked on harder drugs like meth, and YOU should be ashamed of yourselves for not pushing much much harder for a taxed and regulated market for this wonderful herb simply to stop meth and gangs. You have caused un-knowable violence and pain for many people since 2000 AD. Do the right thing. NOW! Hurry! Or else you mite have an accident – karma is a pain.
* the two studies are shown below
** the types of rights I’m referring are shown below
*** NIH Study on cannabis use and bladder cancer 11 years 84,000 men longitudinal study shows 45% reduction with a 95% confidence interval! These results are off the chart obvious that you have missed something crucial in your science. Grab some ganja today because it’s obviously going to save your life, and hurry to quickly and strongly remove it from MODA1975.
The Criminal Procedure Act 2011 excludes scientific evidence:
Section 205 (Court may suppress evidence and submissions)
Section 223 (Right of appeal against determination of first appeal court in regards public interest)
The High Court or the Court of Appeal must not give leave for a second appeal under this subpart unless satisfied that (a) the appeal involves a matter of general or public importance. I believe that there is a great public interest in the reform of our cannabis laws and that only a jury nullification or member of parliament can do it or a member of the EACD can do it.
5 Abuses of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
I seek an urgent High Court interim injunction appeal due to the life threatening yet unusual and unintended severe negative effects of the prohibition law on my ability to work, think, live, love and die based on my in-ability to access adequate protections of my human rights:
Near the end of the US Liquor Prohibition juries ceased convicting based on law and decided instead to deliver justice. It is the juries responsibility to deliver justice not uphold the law, established in 1670 Tower of London case of William Penn who was charged with speaking in the street but was not permitted to show evidence in trial (to bias the jury against the bad anti-quaker law) and when the jury found him not guilty the entire jury were sent to prison and fined a years wages.
After 1670 juries would be unable to be punished for their thoughts – this has not happened in New Zealand yet, except perhaps with the Waihopai Three Nullification.
Evidence Supporting a Jury Nullification for any Cannabis Related Offence
Proceeds of Crime Data – Past 10 years – Shows prohibition to produce inconsistent rates of return
Based on the data from my official information act request of 15 June 2013
(45693_Atkinson official information proceeds crime.pdf)
When plotted by city and against time one can see that the proceeds of crime act is not a very consistent method of extracting tax revenue from the illegal drugs market in NZ.
The following table suggests that Forfeiture order amounts could potentially be unfairly implemented across the country, with no proceeds whatsoever over a 10 year period from Napier, New Plymouth, Hamilton, Invercargill; but with extremely high amounts from Whangarei equivalent to $67 per person!
Source: 45693_Atkinson official information proceeds crime.pdf
Proceeds of crime spreadsheet prepared for one of my many official information act requests. What a waste of my time and tax payers money yeah?
as signed off by Graeme Astle – bless him and give thanks and praise for Jahs work!
A jury would have been asked to consider the benefits of tax revenue to our economy
Colorado Tax Allocation
A jury would be asked to consider our high rates of incarceration and the downsides of this
The chart below is sourced from corrections own data and shows a ballooning Community Detention block, for XLS data see:Â http://www.legalise.org.nz/home-detention/
NZ prison population is some of the highest in the world NOT INCLUDING home detention, community detention
Illustration shows that Marijuana is associated with creativity
Cannabis Promotes Creativity
Greg O’Connor Sept 08
NZPA President Greg O’connor Visits Legal Cannabis Store in Colorado
Trending down in drug apprehensions
In 2012 only 8 people were convicted of consuming cannabis according to
Official-Information-Act-Request-201307081002.pdf
Only 8 people were convicted of consuming cannabis in 2012
Portugal has managed to cut it’s drug addiction rates in half through public health policies
Portugals president explains what he did to cut drug addiction in half
Pot Friendly Countries
NZ Has a poor attitude compared to nearly every other developed country
Cost of administering sentences by sentence type
The cost of administering home detention and prison
No prosecution for cannabis should proceed because it is no longer in the public interest
58 Entirely Unique Website Domains Carried Stories About Kelly van Gaalen
The UN comments on NZ lack of rights in the Fourth Periodic Report under the convenant on civil and political rights.
The United Nations tells NZ to rationalise cannabis laws
UN comments on NZ’s poor human rights stance
This is fucked to put it bluntly I’m sorry.
An excerpt from 15 YEARS OF THE NZ BILL OF RIGHTS: TIME TO CELEBRATE, TIME TO REFLECT, TIME TO WORK HARDER? By Petra Butler:
Petra Butler comments about the history of our crippled human rights laws
Thomas Jefferson said “If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so.â€
The results of a very long running US GALLUP poll on whether the use of marijuana should be made legal or not shows a steady increase from 12% right up to 58%
The world’s first ever marijuana conviction shown. 4 years prison for 2 joints. Prisoner number 18,699. Numbers would get to the point where America has more people in prison than Chinese prisons!
Worlds First Cannabis Convict
We can thank Nixon for this terribly brutal regime we are still subjected to.
Â
Maybe I was stoned and missed it, but a momentus event occurred in April!
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Copyright © 2016 Re-Legalise NZÂ
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In 1533, King Henry VIII decreed that all landholders set aside one-quarter acre for the cultivation of hemp for every sixty acres of land that they tilled, in order to provide the necessary fibre required by the nation. This was to satisfy the increased demand for rope and sailcloth for King Henry’s VIII new navy.
In 1563 Queen Elizabeth I reintroduced the law to expand her navy and she added a £5 fine for any eligible landlord who failed to comply. From then on the demand increased and the hemp industry became a very important industry to the British economy. They had to improve the supply of this strategic raw material when in the 1630s the British sped up their colonisation of the new world.
1. Deitch, Robert (2003) Hemp: American history revisited: the plant with a divided history. page 12. Algora Publishing. Accessed 2010-01-16.
Research and text © Hempshopper Amsterdam.
May 31
2016
This Bill enables the Department of Corrections and the New Zealand Police to require community-based offenders and bailees, if they are subject to conditions prohibiting the use of drugs and alcohol, to undergo drug and alcohol testing to ensure compliance with these conditions.
(Formerly Drug and Alcohol Testing of Community-based Offenders and Bailees Legislation Bill)
(Formerly part of Organised Crime and Anti-corruption Legislation Bill)
Member in charge: | Hon Amy Adams |
---|---|
Type of bill: | Government |
Parliament: | 51 |
Bill no: | 219-3L |
Third reading: | 4/11/15 |
Royal assent: | 6/11/15 |
Act: | Misuse of Drugs Amendment Act 2015 (15/106) |
May 22
2016
It’s a nice idea but has some issues, mostly the maximum (or is it minimum? That I could understand!) THC content limit which is shocking and arbitrary and non-scientific, and the fact we’d still have a black market for un-licensed bud, and no way to purchase whole-product medical buds (except pre-ground and pre-rolled or by growing it yourself). On the positive side it would be fantastic to have absolutely any movement at all on the subject, and by the sounds of it would create a centralised place to buy and sell government approved cannabis products. In effect, a government registry would be fantastic since you would have literally thousands of products to choose from eventually – if I understand it properly.
This from Chris Fowlie at hempstore:
“Under Wilkin’s proposed model the government does not grow the cannabis, it licenses production just like with hemp to a variety of producers – some may be indoor, some may be outdoor, or organic, the idea is there would be a variety of cannabis producers making a variety of products. And by “cannabis products” he means cannabis with some form of processing – so it can be distinguished from black market cannabis – e.g. ready rolled joints with logos, balms, tinctures, pre-ground buds for vaping, basically anything except unprocessed bud. Most tobacco smokers do not insist on unprocessed tobacco leaves, they are happy to purchase “tobacco products”, so other than “fuck the government” purists who think anything except “no rules” will be a disaster, I think most cannabis users would be very well served by this model – and if they want more, or insist on smoking bud, they can grow their own, or register as medical users. There is no model that will make 100% of the people 100% happy, but this goes a long way to keeping most people mostly happy (including traditional opponents like police, etc), which is what we will need to bring about law reform.“
This from Wilkins’ page at Massey
“Approved cannabis products would have a limit to the amount of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol – the principal psychoactive ingredient in cannabis) allowed, and a required minimum level of CBD (cannabidiol – the non-psychoactive ingredient, known for its medicinal benefits).
They would only be produced and sold by the government, ensuring a high price to restrict demand and generating tax revenue to support treatment counselling, health services and enforcement. “The Government will be the only producer and the only seller, and that’s a means to keep the price high and also collect tax.–
May 11
2016
Excerpts from a fantastic thesis by Randy E. Barnett that shares the same title as this post.
Some drugs make people feel good. That is why some people use them. Some of these drugs are alleged to have side effects so destructive that many advise against their use. The same may be said about statutes that attempt to prohibit the manufacture, sale, and use of drugs. Advocating drug prohibition makes some people feel good because they think they are “doing something†about what they believe to be a serious social problem. Others who support these laws are not so altruistically motivated. Employees of law enforcement bureaus and academics who receive government grants to study drug use, for example, may gain financially from drug prohibition. But as with using drugs, using drug laws can have moral and practical side effects so destructive that they argue against ever using legal institutions in this manner.
One might even say—and not altogether metaphorically—that some people become psychologically or economically addicted to drug laws.1 That is, some people continue to support these statutes despite the massive and unavoidable ill effects that result. The psychologically addicted ignore these harms so that they can attain the “goodâ€â€”their “highâ€â€”they perceive that drug laws produce. Other drug-law users ignore the costs of prohibition because of their “economic†dependence on drug laws; these people profit financially from drug laws and are unwilling to undergo the economic “withdrawal†that would be caused by their repeal.
Both kinds of drug-law addicts may deny their addiction by asserting that the side effects are not really so terrible or that they can be kept “under control.†The economically dependent drug-law users may also deny their addiction by asserting that (1) noble motivations, rather than economic gain, lead them to support these statutes; (2) they are not unwilling to withstand the painful financial readjustment that ending prohibition would force them to undergo; and (3) they can “quit†their support any time they want to—provided, of course, that they are rationally convinced of its wrongness.
Their denials notwithstanding, both kinds of addicts are detectable by their adamant resistance to rational persuasion. While they eagerly await and devour any new evidence of the destructiveness of drug use, they are almost completely uninterested in any practical or theoretical knowledge of the ill effects of criminalising such conduct.4 Yet in a free society governed by democratic principles, these addicts cannot be compelled to give up their desire to control the consumption patterns of others. Nor can they be forced to support legalisation in spite of their desires. In a democratic system, they may voice and vote their opinions about such matters no matter how destructive the consequences of their desires are to themselves or, more importantly, to others. Only rational persuasion may be employed to wean them from this habit. As part of this process of persuasion, drug-law addicts must be exposed to the destruction their addiction wreaks on drug users, law enforcement, and on the general public. They must be made to understand the inherent limits of using law to accomplish social objectives.
Later we get this nice summary:
We can conclude then that the end or purpose of drug laws is to discourage people from engaging in risky activity in which they wish to engage either because they desire the intoxicating effects they associate with the consumption of a drug or because they desire the profit that can be realised by supplying intoxicating drugs to others.15 The means that drug laws employ to accomplish this end is using force against those who would engage in such activities, either to prevent them from doing so or to punish those who nonetheless succeed in doing so.
…
But what about those who are not discouraged and who engage in such conduct anyway? Does the practice of punishing these persons make life better or worse for them? The answer is clear. As harmful as using drugs may be to someone, being imprisoned often makes matters much worse.
Normally when considering matters of legality, we are not concerned about whether a law punishes a lawbreaker and makes him worse off. Indeed, normally such punishment is deliberately imposed on the lawbreaker to protect someone else who we consider to be completely innocent—like the victim, or potential victim, of a rape, robbery, or murder.21 We are therefore quite willing to harm the lawbreaker to protect the innocent. In other words, the objects of these laws are the victims; the subjects of these laws are the criminal.
Drug laws are different in this respect from many other criminal laws. With drug prohibition we are supposed to be concerned with the well-being of prospective drug users. So the object of drug laws—the persons whom drug laws are supposed to “protectâ€â€”are often the same persons who are the subject of drug laws. Whenever the object of a law is also its subject, however, a problem arises. The means chosen for benefiting prospective drug users seriously harms those who still use drugs and does so in ways that drugs alone cannot: by punishing drug users over and above the harmful effects of drug use. But the harm done by drug prohibition to drug users goes beyond the direct effects of punishment.
Higher prices can also make drug use more hazardous for users. Intravenous injection, for example, is more popular in countries where high drug prices caused by prohibition drive users to the most “efficient†means of ingesting the drug. In countries where opiates are legal, the principal methods of consumption are inhaling the fumes of heated drugs or snorting. Before the Harrison Act of 1914, “when opiates were cheap and plentiful, they were very rarely injected. Moreover, injection is rare in those Asian countries where opiates are inexpensive and easily available.†While physical dependence may result from either inhalation or snorting, neither is as likely as intravenous injections to result in an overdose. And consumption by injection can cause other health problems as well. For example: “Heroin use causes hepatitis only if injected, and causes collapsed veins and embolisms only if injected intravenously.†Finally, the scourge of HIV-AIDS has been caused, in part, by the sharing of unsterilised needles by drug users.
The following basically embodies the concept of “The prohibition is the gateway not cannabis”.
People who still wish to use drugs are forced to do business with the kind of people who are willing to make and sell drugs in spite of the risk of punishment. Such transactions must deliberately be conducted away from the police. This puts drug users in great danger of physical harm in two ways.
Second, users are likely to be the victims of crime. I would estimate that approximately half the murder cases I prosecuted as an Assistant States Attorney in Cook County, Illinois were “drug related†in the sense that the victim was killed because it was thought he had either drugs or money from the sale of drugs. Crimes are also committed against persons who seek out criminals from whom to purchase prohibited drugs. Because drug users and dealers want to avoid the police, crimes against these groups are unlikely to be reported. As a result, these crimes are likely brought to the attention of the authorities only when a victim’s body is found.
In 1979, I obtained the confessions that were ultimately used in a prosecution involving the savage murder of three young men. 34 One of the three had approached four members of the Latin Kings to purchase marijuana. When his initial attempt to do business with the gang members was rebuffed, he mistakenly believed that this was due to a lack of trust—rather than a lack of marijuana, which was the case. To ingratiate himself with the gang members, he boasted (falsely) about his gang-affiliated friends and his gang membership. Unfortunately the persons he named were members of a rival street gang, the Latin Eagles. The gang members then told him that they could supply marijuana after all and asked the three to accompany them to an alley. There they were held at gun point and eventually stabbed to death. These young men were not members of any street gang. These are drug-law-related deaths. Three young men are dead because drug laws prevented them from buying marijuana cigarettes as safely as they could buy tobacco cigarettes. While smoking either kind of cigarette may have been hazardous to their health, that issue is now moot. Where and how are their deaths registered in the cost-benefit calculation of drug-law advocates?
Mar 16
2016
Using data mining techniques, I’ve produced this handy guide to medical cannabis for professionals curious about it’s application. 419 studies were, 199Â of which were fully controlled studies.
PDF: 1 page guide  Medical Cannabis Cheat Sheet also I prefer this  version with artistic edge made from the studies text.
XLSX: source data for cheat sheet 419 studies data mining pivot table.xlsx
419 clinical studies of cannabis have taken place. Burn in hell Peter Dunne you are scum of the earth.
On this site you will find clinical studies with cannabis or single cannabinoids in different diseases and case reports on the use of cannabis by patients.
Diagnosis | Title | Author(s) | Year | Medication(s) | Design | Major outcome(s) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Safety of oral dronabinol during opioid withdrawal in humans | Jicha CJ, Lofwall MR, Nuzzo PA, Babalonis S, Elayi SC, Walsh SL. | 2015 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | 40 mg of THC caused increased heart rate and anxiety, which made dose-reduction necessary | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Parental reporting of response to oral cannabis extracts for treatment of refractory epilepsy | Press CA, Knupp KG, Chapman KE | 2015 | Cannabis | Open study | About one third of children suffering from different forms of epilepsy experienced a more than 50 % reduction in seizures by the use of oral cannabis extracts. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Efficacy of Inhaled Cannabis on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy | Wallace MS, Marcotte TD, Umlauf A, Gouaux B, Atkinson JH | 2015 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Inhaled cannabis demonstrated a dose dependent reduction in peripheral treatment-refractory neuropathic pain. | ||||||
Show | Profiles of medicinal cannabis patients attending compassion centers in rhode island. | Zaller N, Topletz A, Frater S, Yates G, Lally M. | 2015 | Cannabis | Survey | Most participants report that medicinal cannabis improves their pain symptomology. | |||||||
Show | Neural Effects of Cannabinoid CB1 Neutral Antagonist Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Food Reward and Aversion in Healthy Volunteers. | Tudge L, Williams C, Cowen PJ, McCabe C | 2015 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | The natural cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) altered the nerve response to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli in a way that it “suggests therapeutic activity in obesity. | |||||||
Show | Posttraumatic stress disorder | The efficacy of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in the treatment of PTSD-associated nightmares: A preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design study. | Jetly R, Heber A, Fraser G, Boisvert D. | 2015 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone reduced nightmares. | ||||||
Show | Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus: Results from Meta-analysis with Eight Independent Replication Samples | Alshaarawy O, Anthony JC. | 2015 | Cannabis | Survey | Cannabis use was associated with a 30% reduction of diabetes risk | |||||||
Show | Pain | Experience of adjunctive cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: Findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study. | Degenhardt L, Lintzeris N, Campbell G, Bruno R, Cohen M, Farrell M, Hall WD. | 2015 | Cannabis | Survey | Pain patients, who receive opioids, experience better pain relief if they also take cannabis. | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS | High-intensity cannabis use associated with lower plasma human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA viral load among recently infected people who use injection drugs. | Milloy MJ, Marshall B, Kerr T, Richardson L, Hogg R, Guillemi S, Montaner JS, Wood E. | 2015 | Cannabis | Open study | At least daily cannabis use was associated with significant lower plasma HIV viral loads. | ||||||
Show | Cancer | Patterns of Use of Medical Cannabis Among Israeli Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience. | Waissengrin B, Urban D, Leshem Y, Garty M, Wolf I. | 2015 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis use “is perceived as highly effective†by some patients with advanced cancer. | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Nausea/vomiting | Dronabinol Treatment of Refractory Nausea and Vomiting Related to Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. | Hernandez SL, Sheyner I, Stover KT, Stewart JT. | 2015 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC may be very effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in end-stage cancer. | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer;Nausea/vomiting;Pain | Improving Quality of Life With Nabilone During Radiotherapy Treatments for Head and Neck Cancers: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial | Côté M, Trudel M, Wang C, Fortin A. | 2015 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone did not reduce pain and nausea in patients treated for head and neck cancer. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Single dose delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chronic pancreatitis patients: analgesic efficacy, pharmacokinetics and tolerability | de Vries M, van Rijckevorsel DC, Vissers KC, Wilder-Smith OH, van Goor H(; Pain and Nociception Neuroscience Research Group | 2015 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No effect of a single low dose of THC on abdominal pain resulting from chronic pancreatitis in clinical study. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal;Pain | The prescription of medical cannabis by a transitional pain service to wean a patient with complex pain from opioid use following liver transplantation: a case report. | Meng H, Hanlon JG, Katznelson R, Ghanekar A, McGilvray I, Clarke H. | 2015 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | The use of cannabis reduced opioid consumption | ||||||
Show | Alzheimer’s disease | Tetrahydrocannabinol for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: A randomized controlled trial. | van den Elsen GA, Ahmed AI, Verkes RJ, Kramers C, Feuth T, Rosenberg PB, van der Marck MA, Olde Rikkert MG. | 2015 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No reduction in NPS by low-dose THC (3×1.5mg), though it is well-tolerated | ||||||
Show | Acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and their combination on facial emotion recognition: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cannabis users. | Hindocha C, Freeman TP, Schafer G, Gardener C, Das RK, Morgan CJ, Curran HV. | 2015 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Improvement of recognition of emotional facial affect by CBD and attenuation of the impairment induced by THC | |||||||
Show | The effect of five day dosing with THCV on THC-induced cognitive, psychological and physiological effects in healthy male human volunteers: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot trial. | Englund A, Atakan Z, Kralj A, Tunstall N, Murray R, Morrison P. | 2015 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Inhibition of some of the well-known effects of THC by THCV and potentiation of other effects | |||||||
Show | Pain | The Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Ease of Use of a Novel Portable Metered-Dose Cannabis Inhaler in Patients With Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Phase 1a Study | Eisenberg E, Ogintz M, Almog S | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | A significant reduction in pain intensity was achieved after cannabis inhalation with a vaporizer. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Nabiximols as an agonist replacement therapy during cannabis withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial | Allsop DJ, Copeland J, Lintzeris N, Dunlop AJ, Montebello M, Sadler C, Rivas GR, Holland RM, Muhleisen P, Norberg MM, Booth J, McGregor IS | 2014 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Sativex had no relevant long-term effect on cannabis dependence | ||||||
Show | Pain | A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of THC/CBD spray in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment | Serpell M, Ratcliffe S, Hovorka J, Schofield M, Taylor L, Lauder H, Ehler E | 2014 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant improvements in pain, sleep quality and subjective evaluations of patients. | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial | Chagas MH, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira ET, Bergamaschi MM, dos Santos AC, Teixeira AL, Hallak JE, Crippa JA | 2014 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Significant improvement in well-being. No effects on motor functioning or neuroprotection. | ||||||
Show | Endocannabinoids control platelet activation and limit aggregate formation under flow. | De Angelis V, Koekman AC, Weeterings C, Roest M, de Groot PG, Herczenik E, Maas C. | 2014 | Other cannabinoids | Open study | Activation of cannabinoid receptors by cannabis use reduces platelet activation and blood clotting. | |||||||
Show | Traumatic brain injury | Effect of marijuana use on outcomes in traumatic brain injury. | Nguyen BM, Kim D, Bricker S, Bongard F, Neville A, Putnam B, Smith J, Plurad D. | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | A positive THC screen is associated with decreased mortality in adult patients sustaining TBI [traumatic brain injury]. | ||||||
Show | Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy older subjects: A randomized controlled trial. | Ahmed AI, van den Elsen GA, Colbers A, van der Marck MA, Burger DM, Feuth TB, Rikkert MG, Kramers C. | 2014 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC appeared to be safe and well tolerated by healthy older individuals. | |||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Cannabis for intractable nausea after bilateral cerebellar stroke. | Adhiyaman V, Arshad S. | 2014 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | A woman with intractable nausea after cerebellar stroke responded well to a treatment with THC. | ||||||
Show | Pain;Posttraumatic stress disorder;Sleep disorder | Use of a Synthetic Cannabinoid in a Correctional Population for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Related Insomnia and Nightmares, Chronic Pain, Harm Reduction, and Other Indications: A Retrospective Evaluation. | Cameron C, Watson D, Robinson J. | 2014 | Nabilone | Open study | Nabilone caused significant improvements in insomnia, nightmares, chronic pain and other symptoms in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Long-term effectiveness and safety of nabiximols (tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol oromucosal spray) in clinical practice. | Flachenecker P, Henze T, Zettl UK. | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | Researchers found that “real-life data confirm the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of nabiximols [Sativex] for the treatment of resistant MSS [multiple sclerosis spasticity]. | ||||||
Show | Posttraumatic stress disorder | Preliminary, open-label, pilot study of add-on oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. | Roitman P, Mechoulam R, Cooper-Kazaz R, Shalev A. | 2014 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC caused significant improvements in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study. | Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R. | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | Analysis of specific motor symptoms revealed significant, also sleep and pain improvement after treatment with cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Nabiximols (THC/CBD oromucosal spray, Sativex®) in clinical practice–results of a multicenter, non-interventional study (MOVE 2) in patients with multiple sclerosis spasticity. | Flachenecker P, Henze T, Zettl UK. | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | The cannabis extract Sativex provided relief in 74.6% of participants. | ||||||
Show | Posttraumatic stress disorder | Using cannabis to help you sleep: heightened frequency of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD. | Bonn-Miller MO, Babson KA, Vandrey R. | 2014 | Cannabis | Survey | Patients with high PTSD scores were more likely to use cannabis to improve sleep, and for coping reasons more generally. | ||||||
Show | Sleep disorder | Impact of Dronabinol on Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) Measures of Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. | Farabi SS, Prasad B, Quinn L, Carley DW. | 2014 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC treatment yielded a shift in EEG (electroencephalogram) power toward delta and theta frequencies and a strengthening of normal rhythms in the sleep. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | Clinical experience with THC:CBD oromucosal spray in patients with multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. | Koehler J, Feneberg W, Meier M, Pöllmann W. | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | The mean spasticity decreased by 57%. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | Clinical experiences with cannabinoids in spasticity management in multiple sclerosis. | Lorente Fernández L, Monte Boquet E, Pérez-Miralles F, Gil Gómez I, Escutia Roig M, Boscá Blasco I, Poveda Andrés JL, Casanova-Estruch B. | 2014 | Cannabis | Open study | The cannabis extract was effective in 80% of patients. | ||||||
Show | Alzheimer’s disease | Dronabinol for the treatment of agitation and aggressive behavior in acutely hospitalized severely demented patients with noncognitive behavioral symptoms. | Woodward MR, Harper DG, Stolyar A, Forester BP, Ellison JM. | 2014 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | A treatment with oral THC was associated with significant decreases in agitation, as well as improvements in sleep duration and appetite. | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Cannabis and other illicit drug use in epilepsy patients. | Hamerle M, Ghaeni L, Kowski A, Weissinger F, Holtkamp M. | 2014 | Cannabis | Survey | The use of cannabis did not affect disease severity in epilepsy. | ||||||
Show | Pain | A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial with extension using an oral mucosal cannabinoid extract for treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. | Lynch ME, Cesar-Rittenberg P, Hohmann AG. | 2014 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Reduction in pain intensity | ||||||
Show | Pain | The subjective psychoactive effects of oral dronabinol studied in a randomized, controlled crossover clinical trial for pain. | Issa MA, Narang S, Jamison RN, Michna E, Edwards RR, Penetar DM, Wasan AD. | 2014 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Oral THC had similar psychoactive effects to smoked marijuana | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | Effect of dronabinol on progression in progressive multiple sclerosis (CUPID): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. | Zajicek J, Ball S, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A, Miller D, Cano MG, McManus D, Mallik S, Hobart J; on behalf of the CUPID investigator group. | 2013 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC, which was given for 36 months, had no effect on progression compared to placebo | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Impact of Cannabis Use during Stabilization on Methadone Maintenance Treatment. | Scavone JL, Sterling RC, Weinstein SP, Van Bockstaele EJ. | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | Objective ratings of opiate withdrawal decreased in patients using cannabis during stabilization | ||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy;Pain | A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Pilot Trial With Extension Using an Oral Mucosal Cannabinoid Extract for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain. | Lynch ME, Cesar-Rittenberg P, Hohmann AG. | 2013 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Five patients tended to respond to a treatment with cannabis | ||||||
Show | Anxiety;Posttraumatic stress disorder | Cannabidiol enhances consolidation of explicit fear extinction in humans. | Das RK, Kamboj SK, Ramadas M, Yogan K, Gupta V, Redman E, Curran HV, Morgan CJ | 2013 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Cannabidiol enhances consolidation of fear extinction in humans. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis withdrawal syndrome: a case report. | Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Queiroz RH, Bergamaschi M, Chagas MH, Zuardi AW. | 2013 | Cannabidiol | Uncontrolled case report | They were no major withdrawal symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs: A dispensary-based survey of substitution effect in Canadian medical cannabis patients. | Lucas P, Reiman A, Earleywine M, McGowan S, Oleson M, Coward M, Thomas B. | 2013 | Cannabis | Survey | Many patients substitute cannabis for alcohol, illegal and medicinal drugs | ||||||
Show | Psychosis/schizophrenia | A controlled family study of cannabis users with and without psychosis. | Proal AC, Fleming J, Galvez-Buccollini JA, Delisi LE. | 2013 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis does not cause psychosis by itself | ||||||
Show | Pain | The Subjective Psychoactive Effects of Oral Dronabinol Studied in a Randomized, Controlled Crossover Clinical Trial For Pain. | Issa MA, Narang S, Jamison RN, Michna E, Edwards RR, Penetar DM, Wasan AD. | 2013 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | In pain patients, oral dronabinol has similar psychoactive effects to smoking cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Pain | An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics | Johnson JR, Lossignol D, Burnell-Nugent M, Fallon MT | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | The cannabis extract Sativex was generally well tolerated, with no evidence of a loss of effect for pain relief. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of THC/CBD oromucosal spray in combination with the existing treatment regimen, in the relief of central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. | Langford RM, Mares J, Novotna A, Vachova M, Novakova I, Notcutt W, Ratcliffe S | 2013 | Cannabis | Controlled study | No significant difference between placebo and Sativex in Phase A; Phase B demonstrated an analgesic effect. | ||||||
Show | Gastrointestinal disorder;Inflammation;Pain | Konikoff FM. Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn’s disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study | Naftali T, Bar-Lev Schleider L, Dotan I, Lansky EP, Sklerovsky Benjaminov F, Konikoff FM | 2013 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis produced significant clinical benefits in 10 of 11 patients with active Crohn’s disease. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Low-dose vaporized cannabis significantly improves neuropathic pain | Wilsey B, Marcotte T, Deutsch R, Gouaux B, Sakai S, Donaghe H | 2013 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis reduced pain. No difference in efficacy between the two doses. | ||||||
Show | Gastrointestinal disorder;Inflammation | Marijuana Use Patterns Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. | Ravikoff Allegretti J, Courtwright A, Lucci M, Korzenik JR, Levine J. | 2013 | Cannabis | Survey | Patients find cannabis very helpful for symptom control. | ||||||
Show | Sleep disorder | Around-the-clock oral THC effects on sleep in male chronic daily cannabis smokers. | Gorelick DA, Goodwin RS, Schwilke E, Schroeder JR, Schwope DM, Kelly DL, Ortemann-Renon C, Bonnet D, Huestis MA. | 2013 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Higher THC concentrations were significantly associated with less difficulty falling asleep and more daytime sleep the following day. | ||||||
Show | Cancer | The medical necessity for medicinal cannabis: prospective, observational study evaluating the treatment in cancer patients on supportive or palliative care. | Bar-Sela G, Vorobeichik M, Drawsheh S, Omer A, Goldberg V, Muller E. | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | In an open clinical study with cancer patients all symptoms improved significantly. | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS | Marijuana smoking does not accelerate progression of liver disease in HIV-hepatitis C coinfection: a longitudinal cohort analysis. | Brunet L, Moodie EE, Rollet K, Cooper C, Walmsley S, Potter M, Klein MB; Canadian Co-infection Cohort Investigators. | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | The use of cannabis did not accelerate progression to significant liver fibrosis. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Impact of cannabis use during stabilization on methadone maintenance treatment. | Scavone JL, Sterling RC, Weinstein SP, Van Bockstaele EJ. | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | Symptoms of opiate withdrawal decrease in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, who use cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Treatment failure of intrathecal baclofen and supra-additive effect of nabiximols in multiple sclerosis-related spasticity: a case report. | Stroet A, Trampe N, Chan A. | 2013 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | A combination of baclofen injections into the cerebrospinal fluid and very low doses of the cannabis extract Sativex was highly effective. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Comparison of the analgesic effects of dronabinol and smoked marijuana in daily marijuana smokers. | Cooper ZD, Comer SD, Haney M. | 2013 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC (dronabinol) and smoked cannabis (marijuana) caused similar effects on pain sensitivity and pain tolerance. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Nabilone decreases marijuana withdrawal and a laboratory measure of marijuana relapse. | Haney M, Cooper ZD, Bedi G, Vosburg SK, Comer SD, Foltin RW. | 2013 | Nabilone | Open study | The use of nabilone reduced withdrawal symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | A new multiple sclerosis spasticity treatment option: effect in everyday clinical practice and cost-effectiveness in Germany. | Flachenecker P. | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | The cannabis extract sativex is effective in a large number of patients and well-tolerated in the long-term. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | Endocannabinoid system modulator use in everyday clinical practice in the UK and Spain. | GarcÃa-Merino A. | 2013 | Cannabis | Open study | Sativex appears to be a well-tolerated and useful add-on therapy in patients with spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity | Proof of concept trial of dronabinol in obstructive sleep apnea. | Prasad B, Radulovacki MG, Carley DW. | 2013 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC significantly improved this condition. | ||||||
Show | Headache/migraine | Use of cannabis among 139 cluster headache sufferers. | Leroux E, Taifas I, Valade D, Donnet A, Chagnon M, Ducros A. | 2013 | Cannabis | Survey | Less than one third of self-reported users mention a relief of their attacks following inhalation. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | The dose effects of short-term dronabinol (oral THC) maintenance in daily cannabis users. | Vandrey R, Stitzer ML, Mintzer MZ, Huestis MA, Murray JA, Lee D. | 2013 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC dose-dependently attenuated cannabis withdrawal. | ||||||
Show | Psychosis/schizophrenia | Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia | Leweke FM, Piomelli D, Pahlisch F, Muhl D, Gerth CW, Hoyer C, Klosterkötter J, Hellmich M, Koethe D. | 2012 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | CBD was as effective as amisulpride, a standard antipsychotic | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain;Spasticity | Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | Corey-Bloom J, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Jin S, Marcotte TD, Bentley H, Gouaux B. | 2012 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Smoked cannabis was superior to placebo in reducing spasticity and pain. | ||||||
Show | Acute effects of a single, oral dose of d9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) administration in healthy volunteers. | MartÃn-Santos R, Crippa JA, Batalla A, Bhattacharyya S, Atakan Z, Borgwardt S, Allen P, Seal M, Langohr K, Farré M, Zuardi AW, McGuire P. | 2012 | Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | CBD does not cause significant side effects | |||||||
Show | Pain | Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Chronic Pain Caused by Different Etiopathogenesis. | Gatti A, Lazzari M, Gianfelice V, Di Paolo A, Sabato E, Sabato AF. | 2012 | Other cannabinoids | Open study | Significant pain relief with palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) | ||||||
Show | Posttraumatic stress disorder | Mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: A review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence. | Passie T, Emrich HM, Karst M, Brandt SD, Halpern JH. | 2012 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Significant improvement in one patient with PSD with cannabis | ||||||
Show | Pain | An efficient randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial with the irreversible fatty acid amide hydrolase-1 inhibitor PF-04457845, which modulates endocannabinoids but fails to induce effective analgesia in patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee. | Huggins JP, Smart TS, Langman S, Taylor L, Young T. | 2012 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | A FAAH inhibitor was not more effective than a placebo. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Herbal cannabis use in patients labeled as fibromyalgia is associated with negative psychosocial parameters. | Ste-Marie PA, Fitzcharles MA, Gamsa A, Ware MA, Shir Y. | 2012 | Cannabis | Survey | Many patients with fibromyalgia use cannabis products. | ||||||
Show | Pain;Spasticity | Cannabis derivatives therapy for a seronegative stiff-person syndrome: a case report. | Vicente-Valor MI, Garcia-Llopis P, Mejia Andujar L, Antonino de la Camara G, GarcÃa Del Busto N, Lopez Tinoco M, Quintana Vergara B, Peiro Vilaplana C, Dominguez Moran JA, Sánchez Alcaraz A. | 2012 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | The cannabis extract was effective in a patient with stiff person syndrome. | ||||||
Show | Traumatic brain injury | Early Survival of Comatose Patients after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury with the Dual Cannabinoid CB1/CB2 Receptor Agonist KN38-7271: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial. | Firsching R, Piek J, Skalej M, Rohde V, Schmidt U, Striggow F; the KN38-7271 Study Group. | 2012 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Survival rates within 1 month of the injury were significantly better. | ||||||
Show | Anxiety | Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on evaluation of emotional images. | Ballard ME, Bedi G, de Wit H. | 2012 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC renders fearful faces less fearful | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Pain | Nabiximols for opioid-treated cancer patients with poorly-controlled chronic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, graded-dose trial. | Portenoy RK, Ganae-Motan ED, Allende S, Yanagihara R, Shaiova L, Weinstein S, McQuade R, Wright S, Fallon MT. | 2012 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Additional pain reduction following the two lower doses. | ||||||
Show | Posttraumatic stress disorder | Mitigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms by Cannabis resin: A review of the clinical and neurobiological evidence. | Passie T, Emrich HM, Karst M, Brandt SD, Halpern JH. | 2012 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis reduced course and intensity of symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Anxiety;Posttraumatic stress disorder | Cannabinoid facilitation of fear extinction memory recall in humans. | Rabinak CA, Angstadt M, Sripada CS, Abelson JL, Liberzon I, Milad MR, Phan KL. | 2012 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC prevented the recovery of fear in this experiment of extinction learning. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain;Spasticity | A questionnaire survey of patients and carers of patients prescribed Sativex as an unlicensed medicine. | Notcutt WG. | 2012 | Cannabis | Survey | Most respondents experienced improvements across a range of symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain;Spasticity | Multiple Sclerosis and Extract of Cannabis: results of the MUSEC trial. | Zajicek JP, Hobart JC, Slade A, Barnes D, Mattison PG; on behalf of the MUSEC Research Group. | 2012 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant improvement by the cannabis extract Cannador of spasticity and pain. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Intractable neuropathic pain due to ulnar nerve entrapment treated with cannabis and ketamine 10%. | Hesselink JM, Kopsky DJ. | 2012 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Significant pain improvement with cannabis and ketamine. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Lack of effect of central nervous system-active doses of nabilone on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia. | Kalliomäki J, Philipp A, Baxendale J, Annas P, Karlsten R, Segerdahl M. | 2012 | Nabilone | Controlled study | The cannabinoid had no significant effect on acute experimental pain. | ||||||
Show | Gastrointestinal disorder;Inflammation | Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot prospective study | Lahat A, Lang A, Ben-Horin S | 2012 | Cannabis | Open study | Improvement in general health perception, social functioning, ability to work, physical pain and depression; weight gain; average rise in BMI; average Harvey-Bradshaw index was reduced | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | A pilot study of the effects of cannabis on appetite hormones in HIV-infected adult men | Riggs PK, Vaida F, Rossi SS, Sorkin LS, Gouaux B, Grant I, Ellis RJ | 2012 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis administration was associated with significant increases in plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin, and decreases in PYY, but did not significantly influence insulin levels | ||||||
Show | Diarrhoea;Gastrointestinal disorder | Randomized pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic trial of dronabinol effects on colon transit in irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea | Wong BS, Camilleri M, Eckert D, Carlson P, Ryks M, Burton D, Zinsmeister AR | 2012 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC had no significant effects on gut transit. | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Seizure exacerbation in two patients with focal epilepsy following marijuana cessation. | Hegde M, Santos-Sanchez C, Hess CP, Kabir AA, Garcia PA. | 2012 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Patients with epilepsy were able to control their seizures by the use of cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Pain | A Randomized, Controlled Study to Investigate the Analgesic Efficacy of Single Doses of the Cannabinoid Receptor-2 Agonist GW842166, Ibuprofen or Placebo in Patients With Acute Pain Following Third Molar Tooth Extraction. | Ostenfeld T, Price J, Albanese M, Bullman J, Guillard F, Meyer I, Leeson R, Costantin C, Ziviani L, Nocini PF, Milleri S. | 2011 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | No superior analgetic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid GW842166 over placebo. | ||||||
Show | Obsessive compulsive disorder | Dronabinol, a cannabinoid agonist, reduces hair pulling in trichotillomania: a pilot study. | Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR, Kim SW. | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Statistically significant reduction in symptom severity. | ||||||
Show | Increased Blood Pressure Following Abrupt Cessation of Daily Cannabis Use. | Vandrey R, Umbricht A, Strain EC. | 2011 | Cannabis;Nabilone | Survey | In 6 of 13 subjects blood pressure increased significantly after cessation of cannabis use. | |||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer;Nausea/vomiting;Pain;Spasticity | [Cannabinoids in children] [Article in German] Cannabinoide bei Kindern. | Gottschling S. | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Reduced pain, spasticity and improved appetite and nausea | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may palliate altered chemosensory perception in cancer patients: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. | Brisbois TD, de Kock IH, Watanabe SM, Mirhosseini M, Lamoureux DC, Chasen M, Macdonald N, Baracos VE, Wismer WV. | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC improved taste and appetite | ||||||
Show | Subjective and Physiological Effects After Controlled Sativex and Oral THC Administration. | Karschner EL, Darwin WD, McMahon RP, Liu F, Wright S, Goodwin RS, Huestis MA. | 2011 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Oral THC and the cannabis extract Sativex produced similar effects | |||||||
Show | Anxiety | Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Naïve Social Phobia Patients. | Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RH, Chagas MH, de Oliveira DC, De Martinis BS, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J, Roesler R, Schröder N, Nardi AE, MartÃn-Santos R, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA. | 2011 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Cannabidiol significamtly reduced anxiety. | ||||||
Show | Separate and combined effects of the cannabinoid agonists nabilone and Δ(9)-THC in humans discriminating Δ(9)-THC. | Lile JA, Kelly TH, Hays LR. | 2011 | Delta-9-THC;Nabilone | Controlled study | THC caused similar effects as nabilone | |||||||
Show | Anxiety | Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report. | Crippa JA, Derenusson GN, Ferrari TB, Wichert-Ana L, Duran FL, Martin-Santos R, Simões MV, Bhattacharyya S, Fusar-Poli P, Atakan Z, Santos Filho A, Freitas-Ferrari MC, McGuire PK, Zuardi AW, Busatto GF, Hallak JE. | 2011 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | CBD reduces anxiety in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder. | ||||||
Show | The cannabinoid receptor agonist delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol does not affect visceral sensitivity to rectal distension in healthy volunteers and IBS patients. | Klooker TK, Leliefeld KE, Van Den Wijngaard RM, Boeckxstaens GE. | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC did not modify visceral perception to rectal distension. | |||||||
Show | Pain | Cannabis use in patients with fibromyalgia: effect on symptoms relief and health-related quality of life. | Fiz J, Durán M, Capellà D, Carbonell J, Farré M. | 2011 | Cannabis | Open study | The use of cannabis was associated with reduction of some fibromyalgia symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Cannabinoid effects on ventilation and breathlessness: A pilot study of efficacy and safety. | Pickering EE, Semple SJ, Nazir MS, Murphy K, Snow TM, Cummin AR, Moosavi S, Guz A, Holdcroft A. | 2011 | Cannabis | Controlled study | With cannabis participants felt less breathless | |||||||
Show | Cancer | Spontaneous regression of septum pellucidum/forniceal pilocytic astrocytomas-possible role of Cannabis inhalation. | Foroughi M, Hendson G, Sargent MA, Steinbok P. | 2011 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Spontaneous regression of benign brain tumour may have been associated with cannabis use. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, enriched-design study of nabiximols* (Sativex(®) ), as add-on therapy, in subjects with refractory spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. | Novotna A, Mares J, Ratcliffe S, Novakova I, Vachova M, Zapletalova O, Gasperini C, Pozzilli C, Cefaro L, Comi G, Rossi P, Ambler Z, Stelmasiak Z, Erdmann A, Montalban X, Klimek A, Davies P; the Sativex Spasticity Study Group. | 2011 | Cannabis | Controlled study | The cannabis extract significantly reduced spasticity. | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Cannabinoids improve driving ability in a Tourette’s patient. | Brunnauer A, Segmiller FM, Volkamer T, Laux G, Müller N, Dehning S | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | THC improved driving ability | ||||||
Show | Gastrointestinal disorder;Inflammation | Cannabis use amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | Lal S, Prasad N, Ryan M, Tangri S, Silverberg MS, Gordon A, Steinhart H. | 2011 | Cannabis | Survey | Cannabis use is frequent in patients with chronic intestinal inflammation | ||||||
Show | Posttraumatic stress disorder | Medical cannabis use in post-traumatic stress disorder: a naturalistic observational study. | Reznik I. | 2011 | Cannabis | Open study | In most cases a significant improvement in quality of life and pain, with some positive changes in severity of posttraumatic stress disorder was observed. | ||||||
Show | The medicinal use of cannabis and cannabinoids: an international survey on methods of intake. | Hazekamp A, Grotenhermen F, Abrams D, Russo E, Ware M, Navarrete-Varo R, Brenneisen R, Müller-Vahl K. | 2011 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Nabilone | Survey | Preferred modes of use were smoking of cannabis (62.9 per cent), inhalation of cannabis with a vaporizer (23.6 per cent), oral use of cannabis in baked goods (7.9 per cent), oral use of cannabis as a tea (2.4 per cent), and oral use of dronabinol/Marinol (1.8 per cent). | |||||||
Show | Diarrhoea;Gastrointestinal disorder;Inflammation | Treatment of Crohn’s disease with cannabis: an observational study. | Naftali T, Lev LB, Yablekovitz D, Half E, Konikoff FM. | 2011 | Cannabis | Open study | Of the 30 patients 21 improved significantly | ||||||
Show | Diarrhoea;Gastrointestinal disorder | Pharmacogenetic Trial of a Cannabinoid Agonist Shows Reduced Fasting Colonic Motility in Patients with Non-Constipated Irritable Bowel Syndrome. | Wong BS, Camilleri M, Busciglio I, Carlson P, Szarka LA, Burton D, Zinsmeister AR. | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Dronabinol reduces fasting motility of the colon in IBS patients with diarrhoea | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS | A pilot study of the effects of cannabis on appetite hormones in HIV-infected adult men. | Riggs PK, Vaida F, Rossi SS, Sorkin LS, Gouaux B, Grant I, Ellis RJ. | 2011 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis modulates the concentration of appetite hormones | ||||||
Show | Inflammation | Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot prospective study. | Lahat A, Lang A, Ben-Horin S. | 2011 | Cannabis | Open study | Significant improvement of several symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain | Abrams DI, Couey P, Shade SB, Kelly ME, Benowitz NL | 2011 | Cannabis | Open study | Pain was significantly decreased | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Dronabinol for the treatment of cannabis dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | Levin FR, Mariani JJ, Brooks DJ, Pavlicova M, Cheng W, Nunes EV | 2011 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC caused significant improvement in treatment retention and withdrawal symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Cancer | Marijuana use is not associated with cervical human papillomavirus natural history or cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative women. | D’Souza G, Palefsky JM, Zhong Y, Minkoff H, Massad LS, Anastos K, Levine AM, Moxley M, Xue XN, Burk RD, Strickler HD. | 2010 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis use is not associated with cervical human papillomavirus natural history or cervical neoplasia in HIV-seropositive or HIV-seronegative women. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Motion sickness, stress and the endocannabinoid system. | Choukèr A, Kaufmann I, Kreth S, Hauer D, Feuerecker M, Thieme D, Vogeser M, Thiel M, Schelling G. | 2010 | Open study | Volunteers who developed acute motion sickness (n = 7) showed lower endocannabinoid levels during parabolic flights. | |||||||
Show | Spasticity | Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind crossover trial. | Weber M, Goldman B, Truniger S. | 2010 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | There were no effects on cramp intensity, number of cramps and fasciculation intensity. | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Oral Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol improved refractory Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in an adolescent by increasing intracortical inhibition: a case report. | Hasan A, Rothenberger A, Münchau A, Wobrock T, Falkai P, Roessner V. | 2010 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | THC improved tics allowing parallel stimulant treatment of comorbid ADHD. | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss | Cannabidiol attenuates the appetitive effects of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans smoking their chosen cannabis. | Morgan CJ, Freeman TP, Schafer GL, Curran HV. | 2010 | Cannabis | Open study | Effects depended on the ratio of CBD and THC with high CBD reducing appetite enhancing effects of THC. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury | A randomized, double-blinded, crossover pilot study assessing the effect of nabilone on spasticity in persons with spinal cord injury. | Pooyania S, Ethans K, Szturm T, Casey A, Perry D. | 2010 | Nabilone | Controlled study | There was a significant decrease in spasticity by nabilone. | ||||||
Show | Dystonia | Tardive Dystonia and the Use of Cannabis. | Beckmann Y, Seçil Y, Güngör B, Yiğit T. | 2010 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Significant improvement by cannabis and dronabinol. | ||||||
Show | Dramatic improvement of refractory Isaacs’ syndrome after treatment with dronabinol. | Meyniel C, Ollivier Y, Hamidou M, Péréon Y, Derkinderen P. | 2010 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Dramathic improvement of symptoms (profuse sweating, muscular twitching, weight loss) | |||||||
Show | The relationship between substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder in a methadone maintenance treatment program. | Villagonzalo KA, Dodd S, Ng F, Mihaly S, Langbein A, Berk M. | 2010 | Cannabis | Survey | Cannabis may be used to self-treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | |||||||
Show | Improvement in refractory psychosis with dronabinol: four case reports. | Schwarcz G, Karajgi B. | 2010 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Significant improvement in four patients | |||||||
Show | Pain | An Open-Label Comparison of Nabilone and Gabapentin as Adjuvant Therapy or Monotherapy in the Management of Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy. | Bestard JA, Toth CC. | 2010 | Nabilone | Open study | The benefits of nabilone are similar as gabapentin | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | Duran M, Pérez E, Abanades S, Vidal X, Saura C, Majem M, Arriola E, Rabanal M, Pastor A, Farré M, Rams N, Laporte JR, Capellà D. | 2010 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis was superior to placebo in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients refractory to other medications | ||||||
Show | Pain | Effect of dronabinol on central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a pilot study. | Rintala DH, Fiess RN, Tan G, Holmes SA, Bruel BM. | 2010 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No significant difference between THC and diphenhydramine. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Randomized controlled trial of Sativex to treat detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis. | Kavia RB, De Ridder D, Constantinescu CS, Stott CG, Fowler CJ. | 2010 | Cannabis | Controlled study | The cannabis extract had some effect on overactive bladder symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Efficacy and tolerability of high-dose dronabinol maintenance in HIV-positive marijuana smokers: a controlled laboratory study. | Bedi G, Foltin RW, Gunderson EW, Rabkin J, Hart CL, Comer SD, Vosburg SK, Haney M. | 2010 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Tolerance developed to the appetite-increasing effects of THC. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. | Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, Robinson A, Ducruet T, Huynh T, Gamsa A, Bennett GJ, Collet JP. | 2010 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis improved pain and sleep quality. | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Pain | Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of THC:CBD Extract and THC Extract in Patients With Intractable Cancer-Related Pain. | Johnson JR, Burnell-Nugent M, Lossignol D, Ganae-Motan ED, Potts R, Fallon MT. | 2010 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | A cannabis extract containing THC and CBD was superior in reducing pain than placebo. | ||||||
Show | Bipolar disorders | Opposite relationships between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. | Ringen PA, Vaskinn A, Sundet K, Engh JA, Jónsdóttir H, Simonsen C, Friis S, Opjordsmoen S, Melle I, Andreassen OA. | 2010 | Cannabis | Survey | In bipolar disorder subjects, cannabis use was associated with better neurocognitive function, but the opposite was the case for the schizophrenia subjects. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Randomised Placebo Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial of Cannabis Based Medicinal Product (Sativex) in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: Depression is a Major Confounding Factor. | Selvarajah D, Gandhi R, Emery CJ, Tesfaye S. | 2010 | Cannabis | Controlled study | No difference between cannabis extract and placebo. | ||||||
Show | Pain | The effects of nabilone on sleep in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled trial. | Ware MA, Fitzcharles MA, Joseph L, Shir Y. | 2010 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Improvement of sleep by nabilone. | ||||||
Show | PTSD contributes to teen and young adult cannabis use disorders. | Cornelius JR, Kirisci L, Reynolds M, Clark DB, Hayes J, Tarter R. | 2010 | Cannabis | Survey | People with PTSD have a higher risk for cannabis use | |||||||
Show | Pain | Adjuvant topical therapy with a cannabinoid receptor agonist in facial postherpetic neuralgia. | Phan NQ, Siepmann D, Gralow I, Ständer S. | 2010 | Other cannabinoids | Open study | Five of eight patients experienced a good pain relief | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Spasticity | A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of Sativex, in subjects with symptoms of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis | Collin C, Ehler E, Waberzinek G, Alsindi Z, Davies P, Powell K, Notcutt W, O’Leary C, Ratcliffe S, Nováková I, Zapletalova O, Piková J, Ambler Z | 2010 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant reduction in treatment-resistant spasticity. | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS;Pain | Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized, crossover clinical trial. | Ellis RJ, Toperoff W, Vaida F, van den Brande G, Gonzales J, Gouaux B, Bentley H, Atkinson JH. | 2009 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant pain relief with cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Treatment of a hyperkinetic movement disorder during pregnancy with dronabinol. | Farooq MU, Ducommun E, Goudreau J. | 2009 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement of her hyperkinetic movement disorder with no signs of tolerance | |||||||
Show | Effect of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, on the triggering of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations in dogs and humans. | Beaumont H, Jensen J, Carlsson A, Ruth M, Lehmann A, Boeckxstaens GE. | 2009 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC reduced acid reflux episodes in the first hour after a meal. | |||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Psychopathological and cognitive effects of therapeutic cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. | Aragona M, Onesti E, Tomassini V, Conte A, Gupta S, Gilio F, Pantano P, Pozzilli C, Inghilleri M. | 2009 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis did not impair cognition | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;HIV/AIDS;Pain;Depression;Anxiety | Marijuana Effectiveness as an HIV Self-Care Strategy. | Corless IB, Lindgren T, Holzemer W, Robinson L, Moezzi S, Kirksey K, Coleman C, Tsai YF, Sanzero Eller L, Hamilton MJ, Sefcik EF, Canaval GE, Rivero Mendez M, Kemppainen JK, Bunch EH, Nicholas PK, Nokes KM, Dole P, Reynolds N. | 2009 | Cannabis | Survey | Participants rated cannabis as similar effective as other medications for the treatment of their symptoms. | ||||||
Show | Relief oriented use of marijuana by teens. | Bottorff JL, Johnson JL, Moffat BM, Mulvogue T. | 2009 | Cannabis | Survey | 20 participants said that they used cannabis to treat health problems. | |||||||
Show | Intestinal Lymphatic Transport Enhances the Post-Prandial Oral Bioavailability of a Novel Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Via Avoidance of First-Pass Metabolism. | Trevaskis NL, Shackleford DM, Charman WN, Edwards GA, Gardin A, Appel-Dingemanse S, Kretz O, Galli B, Porter CJ. | 2009 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Systemic bioavailability of the cannabinoid CRA13 increased by more than 4-fold if taken together with a fat-rich meal. | |||||||
Show | Headache/migraine | Cluster attacks responsive to recreational cannabis and dronabinol. | Robbins MS, Tarshish S, Solomon S, Grosberg BM. | 2009 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis and THC aborted attacks of headaches. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Intermittent marijuana use is associated with improved retention in naltrexone treatment for opiate-dependence. | Raby WN, Carpenter KM, Rothenberg J, Brooks AC, Jiang H, Sullivan M, Bisaga A, Comer S, Nunes EV | 2009 | Cannabis | Open study | Better adherence to natrexone therapy with intermittend cannabis use | ||||||
Show | Synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) can improve the symptoms of schizophrenia. | Schwarcz G, Karajgi B, McCarthy R. | 2009 | Cannabis | Open study | Improvement in 4 of 6 participants, of whom 3 showed a significant improvement. | |||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | Lack of effect of cannabis-based treatment on clinical and laboratory measures in multiple sclerosis. | Centonze D, Mori F, Koch G, Buttari F, Codecà C, Rossi S, Cencioni MT, Bari M, Fiore S, Bernardi G, Battistini L, Maccarrone M. | 2009 | Cannabis | Controlled study | There was no effect of the cannabis extract on spasticity | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Pain | Reposition of a dislocated shoulder under use of cannabis. | Schweizer A, Bircher HP. | 2009 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Pain and muscular tone decreased and the shoulder was relocated easily. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | White matter integrity in adolescents with histories of marijuana use and binge drinking. | Jacobus J, McQueeny T, Bava S, Schweinsburg BC, Frank LR, Yang TT, Tapert SF. | 2009 | Cannabis | Open study | Brain damage was less in alcohol users who used also cannabis than in alcohol only users. | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs | Reiman A. | 2009 | Cannabis | Survey | 40 % use cannabis to substitute for alcohol, 26 % to substitute for illegal drugs | ||||||
Show | Pain | Characteristics of patients with chronic pain accessing treatment with medical cannabis in Washington State. | Aggarwal SK, Carter GT, Sullivan MD, ZumBrunnen C, Morrill R, Mayer JD. | 2009 | Cannabis | Open study | 88 % suffer from more than one pain syndrome | ||||||
Show | Cancer | A population-based case-control study of marijuana use and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | Liang C, McClean MD, Marsit C, Christensen B, Peters E, Nelson HH, Kelsey KT. | 2009 | Cannabis | Survey | Subjects who used cannabis had a reduced cancer risk. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Cannabinoid-induced effects on the nociceptive system: a neurophysiological study in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. | Conte A, Bettolo CM, Onesti E, Frasca V, Iacovelli E, Gilio F, Giacomelli E, Gabriele M, Aragona M, Tomassini V, Pantano P, Pozzilli C, Inghilleri M. | 2009 | Cannabis | Controlled study | The study provides objective neurophysiological evidence that cannabinoids modulate the nociceptive system. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Use of medical marijuana for treatment of severe intractable nausea after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: case report. | Merriman AR, Oliak DA. | 2008 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | THC relieved nausea refractory to other medications | ||||||
Show | Pain | Comparison of analgesic effects and patient tolerability of nabilone and dihydrocodeine for chronic neuropathic pain: randomised, crossover, double blind study. | Frank B, Serpell MG, Hughes J, Matthews JN, Kapur D. | 2008 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone as effective as hydrocodeine in treating neuropatic pain | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Appetite loss/weight loss | Evaluation of oral cannabinoid-containing medications for the management of interferon and ribavirin-induced anorexia, nausea and weight loss in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C virus. | Costiniuk CT, Mills E, Cooper CL | 2008 | Delta-9-THC;Nabilone | Open study | Improvement of appetite and reduction of nausea and vomiting by nabilone and dronabinol (THC) | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer;Pain | Adjunctive nabilone in cancer pain and symptom management: a prospective observational study using propensity scoring. | Maida V, Ennis M, Irani S, Corbo M, Dolzhykov M. | 2008 | Nabilone | Open study | Significant improvement of pain | ||||||
Show | Pain | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of Cannabis Cigarettes in Neuropathic Pain. | Wilsey B, Marcotte T, Tsodikov A, Millman J, Bentley H, Gouaux B, Fishman S. | 2008 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant improvement of pain | ||||||
Show | Improvement in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder with dronabinol. | Schindler F, Anghelescu I, Regen F, Jockers-Scherubl M. | 2008 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Significant symptom improvement | |||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Dystonia | Current status of cannabis treatment of multiple sclerosis with an illustrative case presentation of a patient with MS, complex vocal tics, paroxysmal dystonia, and marijuana dependence treated with dronabinol. | Deutsch SI, Rosse RB, Connor JM, Burket JA, Murphy ME, Fox FJ. | 2008 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Significant improvement of symptoms | ||||||
Show | Pain | Lack of analgesia by oral standardized cannabis extract on acute inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia in volunteers. | Kraft B, Frickey NA, Kaufmann RM, Reif M, Frey R, Gustorff B, Kress HG. | 2008 | Cannabis | Controlled study | The cannabis extract showed no analgesic effect in acute experimental pain | ||||||
Show | Pain | Analgesic and antihyperalgesic effects of nabilone on experimental heat pain. | Redmond WJ, Goffaux P, Potvin S, Marchand S. | 2008 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone did not reduce experimental heat pain | ||||||
Show | Alzheimer’s disease | The cannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone for the treatment of dementia-related agitation. | Passmore MJ. | 2008 | Nabilone | Uncontrolled case report | Dramatic reduction in the severity of agitation and other behavioural symptoms | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Use of dronabinol for cannabis dependence: two case reports and review. | Levin FR, Kleber HD. | 2008 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | THC reduced withdrawal symptoms in cannabis dependence | ||||||
Show | Pain | Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia. | Skrabek RQ, Galimova L, Ethans K, Perry D. | 2008 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone improved symptoms and was well-tolerated | ||||||
Show | Pain | Efficacy of dronabinol as an adjuvant treatment for chronic pain patients on opioid therapy. | Narang S, Gibson D, Wasan AD, Ross EL, Michna E, Nedeljkovic SS, Jamison RN. | 2008 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC reduced pain | ||||||
Show | Cancer | Nabilone for the treatment of paraneoplastic night sweats: a report of four cases. | Maida V. | 2008 | Nabilone | Open study | Significant improvement of night sweats within 2 days | ||||||
Show | Pain | A prospective identification of neuropathic pain in specific chronic polyneuropathy syndromes and response to pharmacological therapy. | Toth C, Au S. | 2008 | Cannabis;Nabilone | Open study | Similar treatment effects and side effects of cannabinoids compared to other medications | ||||||
Show | Pain | Open-label, add-on study of tetrahydrocannabinol for chronic nonmalignant pain. | Haroutiunian S, Rosen G, Shouval R, Davidson E. | 2008 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | 5 patients reported adequate response to the treatment. | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Marijuana: an effective antiepileptic treatment in partial epilepsy? A case report and review of the literature. | Mortati K, Dworetzky B, Devinsky O. | 2007 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Significant improvement of epilepsy with the use of cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers. | Wallace M, Schulteis G, Atkinson JH, Wolfson T, Lazzaretto D, Bentley H, Gouaux B, Abramson I. | 2007 | Cannabis | Controlled study | A medium dose of cannabis reduced pain, while a high dose increased pain induced by capsaicin | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Oromucosal ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. | Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Young CA. | 2007 | Cannabis | Open study | No development of tolerance within a period of two years of treatment | ||||||
Show | [Fitness to drive in spite (because) of THC] [Article in German] | Strohbeck-Kühner P, Skopp G, Mattern R. | 2007 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Significant improvement of driving-related performance | |||||||
Show | Pain | Sativex successfully treats neuropathic pain characterised by allodynia: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. | Nurmikko TJ, Serpell MG, Hoggart B, Toomey PJ, Morlion BJ, Haines D. | 2007 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant improvement in pain by cannabis | ||||||
Show | Vaporization as a smokeless cannabis delivery system: a pilot study. | Abrams DI, Vizoso HP, Shade SB, Jay C, Kelly ME, Benowitz NL | 2007 | Cannabis | Controlled study;Basic research | Vaporization of cannabis is a safe and effective mode of delivery of THC | |||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss | Anorexia of aging in long term care: is dronabinol an effective appetite stimulant? – a pilot study. | Wilson MM, Philpot C, Morley JE | 2007 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | A trend towards weight gain | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | THC improves appetite and reverses weight loss in AIDS patients | Dejesus E, Rodwick BM, Bowers D, Cohen CJ, Pearce D | 2007 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC improved appetite and weight and reduced nausea | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers: caloric intake, mood, and sleep. | Haney M, Gunderson EW, Rabkin J, Hart CL, Vosburg SK, Comer SD, Foltin RW | 2007 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC and cannabis caused an increase in caloric intake and weight | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Efficacy of dronabinol alone and in combination with ondansetron versus ondansetron alone for delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | Meiri E, Jhangiani H, Vredenburgh JJ, Barbato LM, Carter FJ, Yang HM, Baranowski V. | 2007 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Dronabinol was as effective as ondansetron in reducing nausea and vomiting. Combination therapy was not more effective. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis | Collin C, Davies P, Mutiboko IK, Ratcliffe S, for the Sativex Spasticity in MS Study Group | 2007 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significantly reduction in spasticity | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS;Pain | Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. | Abrams DI, Jay CA, Shade SB, Vizoso H, Reda H, Press S, Kelly ME, Rowbotham MC, Petersen KL. | 2007 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Smoked cannabis was well tolerated and effectively relieved chronic neuropathic pain from HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Dronabinol and retinal hemodynamics in humans. | Plange N, Arend KO, Kaup M, Doehmen B, Adams H, Hendricks S, Cordes A, Huth J, Sponsel WE, Remky A. | 2007 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC reduced intraoculat pressure and improved blood circulation in the retina. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia. | Skrabek RQ, Galimova L, Ethansand Daryl K. | 2007 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Significant reduction of pain and improvement of quality of life with nabilone | ||||||
Show | Pain | Efficacy of dronabinol as an adjuvant treatment for chronic pain patients on opioid therapy | Narang S, Gibson D, Wasan AD, Ross EL, Michna E, Nedeljkovic SS, Jamison RN | 2007 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study;Open study | THC had an additional effect on pain relief | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury;Pain | Sativex® in the Treatment of Central Neuropathic Pain due to Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomised Controlled Study | Berman J & the Sativex Spinal Cord Injury Study Group, Bosworth T2 Guy G & Stott C. | 2007 | Cannabis | Controlled study | primary outcome mean NRS 11 poitn pain scale – nod difference – BPI secondary ourcome benefit – significant at p<0.032 | ||||||
Show | Effects of a cannabinoid receptor agonist on colonic motor and sensory functions in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. | Esfandyari T, Camilleri M, Busciglio I, Burton D, Baxter K, Zinsmeister AR. | 2007 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC relaxes the colon and reduces postprandial colonic motility | |||||||
Show | Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Medicinal cannabis does not influence the clinical pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and docetaxel. | Engels FK, de Jong FA, Sparreboom A, Mathot RA, Loos WJ, Kitzen JJ, de Bruijn P, Verweij J, Mathijssen RH. | 2007 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis did not influence the pharmacokinetics of the two anti-cancer drugs | ||||||
Show | Bipolar disorders | The effect of extreme marijuana use on the long-term course of bipolar I illness: a single case study. | El-Mallakh RS, Brown C. | 2007 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis decreased the number of depressed days and increased the number of hypomanic days. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Cannabis; adverse effects from an oromucosal spray. | Scully C. | 2007 | Cannabis | Open study | The spray caused reversible damage to the mucosa | ||||||
Show | Long term marijuana users seeking medical cannabis in California (2001-2007): demographics, social characteristics, patterns of cannabis and other drug use of 4117 applicants. | O’Connell TJ, Bou-Matar CB. | 2007 | Cannabis | Survey | ||||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury | The treatment of spasticity with Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in persons with spinal cord injury. | Hagenbach U, Luz S, Ghafoor N, Berger JM, Grotenhermen F, Brenneisen R, Mader M. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Significant improvement of spasticity with THC | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Randomised controlled study of cannabis-based medicine (Sativex®) in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis associated detrusor overactivity | de Ridder D, Constantinescu CS,Fowler C, Kavia R, Sarantis N. | 2006 | Cannabis | Controlled study | A significant reduction in the number of voids per day and during the night. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | A randomised controlled study of Sativex® in patients with symptoms of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis | Collin C, Ambler Z, Kent R, McCalla R. | 2006 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Spasticity of patients who received cannabis and complied with the study protocol was significantly reduced compared to placebo. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer;Pain;Depression;Anxiety | The synthetic cannabinoid nabilone improves pain and symptom management in cancer patients | Maida V. | 2006 | Nabilone | Open study | Nabilone treatment improved pain, nausea, appetite and several other symptoms | ||||||
Show | Pain | Synergistic affective analgesic interaction between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and morphine. | Roberts JD, Gennings C, Shih M. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | There was a synergistic effect between THC and morphine on the affective component of pain but not on the sensory component | ||||||
Show | Pain | [(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and the opioid receptor agonist piritramide do not act synergistically in postoperative pain.] [Article in German] | Seeling W, Kneer L, Buchele B, Gschwend JE, Maier L, Nett C, Simmet T, Steffen P, Schneider M, Rockemann M. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Application of THC reduced the need of an opioid to treat postoperative pain but the difference to placebo was not significant | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | [Dronabinol for supportive therapy in patients with malignant melanoma and liver metastases.] [Article in German] | Zutt M, Hanssle H, Emmert S, Neumann C, Kretschmer L. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | A significant increase in appetite and decrease in nausea in most patients. | ||||||
Show | Dronabinol reduces signs and symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case report. | Raby WN, Modica PA, Wolintz RJ, Murtaugh K. | 2006 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement of signs and symptoms of the disease | |||||||
Show | Cannabidiol monotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia | Zuardi AW, Hallak JE, Dursun SM, Morais SL, Faria Sanches R, Musty RE, Crippa JA. | 2006 | Cannabidiol | Open study | CBD monotherapy was not effective in treatment-resistant schizophrenia | |||||||
Show | Alzheimer’s disease | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for night-time agitation in severe dementia | Walther S, Mahlberg R, Eichmann U, Kunz D | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Reduction in night-time agitation in actigraphy and in the neuropsychiatric inventory NPI | ||||||
Show | Pain | A multicenter dose-escalation study of the analgesic and adverse effects of an oral cannabis extract (Cannador) for postoperative pain management. | Holdcroft A, Maze M, Dore C, Tebbs S, Thompson S. | 2006 | Cannabis | Controlled study | The optimal dose was 10 mg Cannador, effectively reducing postoperative pain without serious side effects. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS). | Freeman RM, Adekanmi O, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Wright D, Zajicek J. | 2006 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Cannabis and dronabinol caused a significant reduction in incontinence | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury | [Respiratory failure due to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in a tetraplegic patient.]. [Article in German] | Neuburger M, Schley M, Schmelz M, Schuepfer G, Konrad C. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Dronabinol reduced spasticity but worsened respiration | ||||||
Show | Cancer | A pilot clinical study of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. | Guzman M, Duarte MJ, Blazquez C, Ravina J, Rosa MC, Galve-Roperh I, Sanchez C, Velasco G, Gonzalez-Feria L. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC was well tolerated in this pilot study of intrakranial cannabinoid administration | ||||||
Show | Pain | Delta-9-THC based monotherapy in fibromyalgia patients on experimentally induced pain, axon reflex flare, and pain relief. | Schley M, Legler A, Skopp G, Schmelz M, Konrad C, Rukwied R. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Five of the nine patients withdrew from the study due to side effects. Four patients experienced significant pain relief | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer | Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-in-Cachexia-Study-Group | Strasser F, Luftner D, Possinger K, Ernst G, Ruhstaller T, Meissner W, Ko YD, Schnelle M, Reif M, Cerny T. | 2006 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No difference between cannabis, THC and placebo | ||||||
Show | [Topical cannabinoid agonists : An effective new possibility for treating chronic pruritus.] [Article in German] | Stander S, Reinhardt HW, Luger TA. | 2006 | Other cannabinoids | Open study | Topical application of a cream with N-palmitoyl ethanolamine had a good antipruritic effect in most patients. | |||||||
Show | Pain | [Benefits of an add-on treatment with the synthetic cannabinomimetic nabilone on patients with chronic pain – a randomized controlled trial.] [Article in German] | Pinsger M, Schimetta W, Volc D, Hiermann E, Riederer F, Polz W. | 2006 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone caused a significant reduction in pain and improvement of quality of life. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Effects of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, on postoperative pain. | Beaulieu P. | 2006 | Nabilone | Controlled study | No pain reduction with nabilone. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Low dose treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid Nabilone significantly reduces spasticity-related pain : A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial. | Wissel J, Haydn T, Muller J, Brenneis C, Berger T, Poewe W, Schelosky LD. | 2006 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Significant reduction of pain | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Effect of Sublingual Application of Cannabinoids on Intraocular Pressure: A Pilot Study. | Tomida I, Azuara-Blanco A, House H, Flint M, Pertwee RG, Robson PJ. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Significant reduction of intraocular pressure | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer chemotherapy;Pain | Cannabinoids in the management of intractable chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and cancer-related pain. | Sutton IR, Daeninck P. | 2006 | Nabilone | Survey;Uncontrolled case report | Significant improvement in one case of intractable neuropathic pain and one case of refractory cinv | ||||||
Show | Pain | Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. | Blake DR, Robson P, Ho M, Jubb RW, McCabe CS. | 2006 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis produced improvements in pain and sleep | ||||||
Show | Efficacy and safety of dexanabinol in severe traumatic brain injury: results of a phase III randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. | Maas AI, Murray G, Henney H 3rd, Kassem N, Legrand V, Mangelus M, Muizelaar JP, Stocchetti N, Knoller N; Pharmos TBI investigators. | 2006 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | No effect of dexanabinol | |||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Survey of medicinal cannabis use among childbearing women: patterns of its use in pregnancy and retroactive self-assessment of its efficacy against ‘morning sickness’. | Westfall RE, Janssen PA, Lucas P, Capler R. | 2006 | Cannabis | Survey | Cannabis effective against nausea and vomiting | ||||||
Show | Pain | Experience with the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone in chronic noncancer pain. | Berlach DM, Shir Y, Ware MA. | 2006 | Nabilone | Open study | 9 patients reported reduced pain intensity | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Prevention of nausea and vomiting following breast surgery. | Layeeque R, Siegel E, Kass R, Henry-Tillman RS, Colvert M, Mancino A, Klimberg VS. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Postoperative nausea and vomiting was reduced by prophylactic administration of dronabinol and prochlorperazine | ||||||
Show | Effect of a cannabinoid agonist on gastrointestinal transit and postprandial satiation in healthy human subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. | Esfandyari T, Camilleri M, Ferber I, Burton D, Baxter K, Zinsmeister AR. | 2006 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC retarded gastric emptying | |||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Cannabis use improves retention and virological outcomes in patients treated for hepatitis C. | Sylvestre DL, Clements BJ, Malibu Y. | 2006 | Cannabis | Open study | Participants who used cannabis maintained adherence to treatment more offen | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms in multiple sclerosis. | Wade DT, Makela PM, House H, Bateman C, Robson P. | 2006 | Cannabis | Open study | Long-term use of cannabis maintains its therapeutic effects | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Cannabis use in patients with multiple sclerosis. | Chong MS, Wolff K, Wise K, Tanton C, Winstock A, Silber E. | 2006 | Cannabis | Survey | A subgroup of patients with severe disabilitiy appears to derive some benefit | ||||||
Show | Pain | Evaluation of herbal cannabis characteristics by medical users: a randomized trial. | Ware MA, Ducruet T, Robinson AR. | 2006 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Medical cannabis users can appreciate differences in herbal cannabis products | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Concurrent cannabis use during treatment for comorbid ADHD and cocaine dependence: effects on outcome. | Aharonovich E, Garawi F, Bisaga A, Brooks D, Raby WN, Rubin E, Nunes EV, Levin FR. | 2006 | Cannabis | Open study | Moderate cannabis use had a positive effect of retention rates and abstinence from cocaine | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and efficacy data for 12 months follow up. | Zajicek JP, Sanders HP, Wright DE, Vickery PJ, Ingram WM, Reilly SM, Nunn AJ, Teare LJ, Fox PJ, Thompson AJ. | 2005 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Spasticity in the Ashworth scale was significantly reduced by an average of 1.82 in the THC group; no significant reduction in the cannabis group | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | Cannabis-based medicinal extract (Sativex) produced significant improvements in a subjective measure of spasticity which were maintained on long-term treatment with no evidence of tolerance. | Robson P, Wade D, Makela P, House H, Bateman C | 2005 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Beneficial effects of cannabis on spasticity in MS seem to be maintained over long-term treatment, with no evidence of tolerance. | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS;Pain | Smoked cannabis therapy for HIV-related painful peripheral neuropathy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. | Abrams DI, Jay CA, Vizoso H, Shade SB, Reda H, Press S, Kelly ME, Rowbotham M, Petersen K | 2005 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Smoked cannabis is effective in reducing HIV-related neuropathic pain | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Treatment with CBD in oily solution of drug-resistant paediatric epilepsies. | Pelliccia A, Grassi G, Romano A, Crocchialo P | 2005 | Cannabidiol | Open study | Improvement of epilepsy without side effects | ||||||
Show | Pain | Standardized cannabis extract in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia – a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. | Ernst G, Denke C, Reif M, Schnelle M, Hagmeister H | 2005 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis did not reduce pain | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. | Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Friede T, Young CA. | 2005 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis is effective in reducing pain and sleep disturbance in patients with multiple sclerosis related central neuropathic pain | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;HIV/AIDS | Marijuana use and its association with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons with moderate to severe nausea. | de Jong BC, Prentiss D, McFarland W, Machekano R, Israelski DM. | 2005 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis improved adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS;Alzheimer’s disease | Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV(+) marijuana smokers: acute effects on caloric intake and mood. | Haney M, Rabkin J, Gunderson E, Foltin RW. | 2005 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC and cannabis cause increased caloric intake | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss | Dronabinol – eine mögliche neue Therapieoption bei COPD-Patienten mit pulmonaler Kachexie [Dronabinol, a possible new therapeutic option in patients with COPD and pulmonal cachexia] | Bergmann K-C | 2005 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | On average 1,5 kg of weight gain and increase of walking distance | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS;Pain;Anxiety | Cannabis use in HIV for pain and other medical symptoms. | Woolridge E, Barton S, Samuel J, Osorio J, Dougherty A, Holdcroft A. | 2005 | Cannabis | Survey | 27% used cannabis for the treatment of various symptoms | ||||||
Show | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction. | D’Souza DC, Abi-Saab WM, Madonick S, Forselius-Bielen K, Doersch A, Braley G, Gueorguieva R, Cooper TB, Krystal JH. | 2005 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC is associated with transient exacerbation in core psychotic and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. | |||||||
Show | Pain;Depression;Anxiety | Cannabis use in sickle cell disease: a questionnaire study. | Howard J, Anie KA, Holdcroft A, Korn S, Davies SC. | 2005 | Cannabis | Survey | 36% had used cannabis to treat symptoms | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Low efficacy of non-opioid drugs in opioid withdrawal symptoms. | Hermann D, Klages E, Welzel H, Mann K, Croissant B. | 2005 | Cannabis | Survey | Only low efficacy of cannabis in alleviating opioid withdrawal symptoms | ||||||
Show | Efficacy and tolerance of the cream containing structured physiological lipids with endocannabinoids in the treatment of uremic pruritus: a preliminary study. | Szepietowski JC, Szepietowski T, Reich A. | 2005 | Other cannabinoids | Open study | Improvement of pruritus with the cream | |||||||
Show | The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey. | Ware MA, Adams H, Guy GW. | 2005 | Cannabis | Survey | Cannabis use was reported by 25 % of patients with chronic pain and 22 % of patients with multiple sclerosis | |||||||
Show | Clinical improvement and reduction of immunosuppressive drug therapy in cannabis treated patients with crohn’s disease. | Hergenrather JY, Mikuriya TH, Bearman D. | 2005 | Cannabis | Survey | The majority of patients found a substantial improvement of their symptoms | |||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Cannabinoid influence on cytokine profile in multiple sclerosis. | Katona S, Kaminski E, Sanders H, Zajicek J. | 2005 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | There were no significant effects of cannabinoids on the cytokine profiles examined. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial. | Berman JS, Symonds C, Birch R. | 2004 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Significant pain relief and improvement of sleep | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study. | Carroll CB, Bain PG, Teare L, Liu X, Joint C, Wroath C, Parkin SG, Fox P, Wright D, Hobart J, Zajicek JP. | 2004 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis had no treatment effect on levodopa-induced dyskinesia. | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson’s disease: subjective improvement of motor symptoms. | Venderova K, Ruzicka E, Vorisek V, Visnovsky P. | 2004 | Cannabis | Survey | 25% of the respondents had taken cannabis and 45.9% of these described some form of benefit. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial | Svendsen KB, Jensen TS, Bach FW | 2004 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Significant reduction of pain by THC | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis;Pain;Tremor | Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. | Wade DT, Makela P, Robson P, House H, Bateman C. | 2004 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Spasticity scores were significantly reduced by cannabis. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | Efficacy of tetrahydrocannabinol in patients refractory to standard antiemetic therapy.Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. | Vaney C, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Jobin P, Tschopp F, Gattlen B, Hagen U, Schnelle M, Reif M. | 2004 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant reduction in spasm frequency in the 37 patients who received at least 90% of the dose. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis. | Brady CM, DasGupta R, Dalton C, Wiseman OJ, Berkley KJ, Fowler CJ. | 2004 | Cannabis | Open study | Urinary urgency, the number and volume of incontinence episodes, frequency and nocturia all decreased. | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Tremor | The effect of cannabis on tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis. | Fox P, Bain PG, Glickman S, Carroll C, Zajicek J. | 2004 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | No significant improvement of tremor | ||||||
Show | Pain | Are oral cannabinoids safe and effective in refractory neuropathic pain? | Attal N, Brasseur L, Guirimand D, Clermond-Gnamien S, Atlami S, Bouhassira D | 2004 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | No significant decraese of pain in 7 patients, more than 60% decrease in one patient | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Marijuana withdrawal in humans: effects of oral THC or divalproex. | Haney M, Hart CL, Vosburg SK, Nasser J, Bennett A, Zubaran C, Foltin RW. | 2004 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC abolished withdrawal symptoms | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS;Pain;Depression | Patterns of marijuana use among patients with HIV/AIDS followed in a public health care setting. | Prentiss D, Power R, Balmas G, Tzuang G, Israelski DM. | 2004 | Cannabis | Survey | Improvement of pain, appetite and depression/anxiety by using cannabis | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Spasticity;Pain;Depression | Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Amtmann D, Weydt P, Johnson KL, Jensen MP, Carter GT. | 2004 | Cannabis | Survey | Moderate improvement of pain, spasticity, appetite and depression | ||||||
Show | Pain | Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic pain: results from 34 ‘N of 1’ studies. | Notcutt W, Price M, Miller R, Newport S, Phillips C, Simmons S, Sansom C. | 2004 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Improvement of pain | ||||||
Show | Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults. | Nicholson AN, Turner C, Stone BM, Robson PJ. | 2004 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | THC had sedative effects, CBD had alerting effects | |||||||
Show | Cannabis improves night vision: A pilot study of dark adaptometry and scotopic sensitivity in kif smokers of the Rif Mountains of Northern Morocco. | Russo EB, Merzouki A, Molero Mesa J, Frey KA, Bach PJ. | 2004 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Oral THC and smoking of cannabis improved night vision | |||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Cannabis as a Substitute for Alcohol: A Harm-Reduction Approach | Mikuriya TH | 2004 | Cannabis;Nabilone | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis is a successful substituent of alcohol | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury;Multiple sclerosis;Pain | A preliminary controlled study to determine whether whole-plant cannabis extracts can improve intractable neurogenic symptoms. | Wade DT, Robson P, House H, Makela P, Aram J. | 2003 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Pain relief associated with both THC and CBD was significantly superior to placebo. Impaired bladder control, muscle spasms and spasticity were improved by cannabis in some patients | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Alzheimer’s disease | Safety and efficacy of dronabinol in the treatment of agitation in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with anorexia: A retrospective chart review | Patel S, Shua-Haim JR, Pass M | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Weight gain in all, reduction of agitation in 65%. | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS | Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. | Abrams DI, Hilton JF, Leiser RJ, Shade SB, Elbeik TA, Aweeka FT, Benowitz NL, Bredt BM, Kosel B, Aberg JA, Deeks SG, Mitchell TF, Mulligan K, Bacchetti P, McCune JM, Schambelan M | 2003 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Cannabis and THC had no significant effect on HI virus load and on CD4+ and CD8+ cell count | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury | The treatment of spasticity with D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC) in patients with spinal cord injury | Hagenbach U, Luz S, Brenneisen R, Mäder M | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Significant reduction of spasticity | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Dystonia;Epilepsy;Anxiety | Experiences with THC-treatment in children and adolescents | Lorenz R | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Positive effects of THC in children with severe neurological disorders | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Randomised controlled trial of cannabis based medicinal extracts (CBME) in central neuropathic pain due to multiple sclerosis. | Young CA, Rog DJ | 2003 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Significant reduction in pain | ||||||
Show | Pain | Efficacy of two cannabis-based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial | Berman J, Lee J, Cooper M, Cannon A, Sach J, McKerral S, Taggart M, Symonds C, Fishel K, Birch R | 2003 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Significant pain relief and improvement of sleep | ||||||
Show | Pain | Analgesic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid CT-3 on chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. | Karst M, Salim K, Burstein S, Conrad I, Hoy L, Schneider U. | 2003 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Significant reduction of pain | ||||||
Show | Pain | Cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: results of a prospective survey. | Ware MA, Doyle CR, Woods R, Lynch ME, Clark AJ | 2003 | Cannabis | Survey | Cannabis use is prevalent among the chronic non-cancer pain population | ||||||
Show | Alzheimer’s disease | Open-label study of dronabinol in the treatment of refractory agitation in Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study | Ross JS, Shua-Haim JR | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Significant reduction of agitation | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS;Pain | The effects of smoked cannabis in painful peripheral neuropathy and cancer pain refractory to opiods. | Abrams DI, Jay Ch, Petersen K, Shade S, Vizoso H, Reda H, Benowitz N, Rowbotham M. | 2003 | Cannabis | Open study | 10 of the 16 participants experienced a greater than 30% reduction in their pain | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial. | Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Prevedel H, Theloe K, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM. | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Results provide evidence that THC is effective in the treatment of tics. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Lack of analgesic efficacy of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in postoperative pain. | Buggy DJ, Toogood L, Maric S, Sharpe P, Lambert DG, Rowbotham DJ | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | 5 mg was ineffective in reduding postoperative pain. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. | Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A, Thompson A, on behalf of the UK | 2003 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No effect of cannabinoids on spasticity as measured by the Ashworth scale, while patient-reported spasticity and pain decreased. | ||||||
Show | Pain | A case of cannabinoid rotation in a young woman with chronic cystitis | Krenn H Daha LK Oczenski W Fitzgerald R D | 2003 | Delta-9-THC;Nabilone | Uncontrolled case report | THC reduced pain with low side effects; nabilone caused strong psychic side effects | ||||||
Show | Pain | Cannabis reduces opioid dose in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. | Lynch ME, Clark AJ. | 2003 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement in pain, spasticity, bladder spasm, and sleep. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis;Pain;Depression | Cannabis use as described by people with multiple sclerosis. | Page SA, Verhoef MJ, Stebbins RA, Metz LM, Levy JC. | 2003 | Cannabis | Survey | Improvement of pain, spasticity and anxiety/depression | ||||||
Show | Pain | The analgesic effect of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, and a THC-morphine combination in healthy subjects under experimental pain conditions. | Naef M, Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Zbinden A, Brenneisen R. | 2003 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No effect of THC on experimental pain in healthy subjects | ||||||
Show | Survey on the medical use of cannabis and THC in Germany. | Grotenhermen F, Schnelle M. | 2003 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Survey | Cannabis and THC were effective in many conditions | |||||||
Show | Histamine induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in human skin. | Dvorak M, Watkinson A, McGlone F, Rukwied R. | 2003 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Peripheral administration of HU210 attenuates histamine-induced itch | |||||||
Show | Pain | Cannabinoid agonists attenuate capsaicin-induced responses in human skin. | Rukwied R, Watkinson A, McGlone F, Dvorak M. | 2003 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | A topically applied cannabinoid receptor agonist (HU210) reduced pain caused by capsaicin | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer | Dronabinol versus megestrol acetate versus combination therapy for cancer-associated anorexia: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. | Jatoi A, Windschitl HE, Loprinzi CL, Sloan JA, Dakhil SR, Mailliard JA, Pundaleeka S, Kardinal CG, Fitch TR, Krook JE, Novotny PJ, Christensen B. | 2002 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | megestrol acetate was superior to THC | ||||||
Show | Pain | [The therapeutic use of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) in refractory neuropathic pain] [Article in French]. | Clermont-Gnamien S, Atlani S, Attal N, Le Mercier F, Guirimand F, Brasseur L. | 2002 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | No signficant effect of THC on pain | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Treatment of Tourette’s syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial. | Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Koblenz A, Jobges M, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, Emrich HM. | 2002 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Significant improvement of tics and obsessive-compulsive behavior after treatment with THC. | ||||||
Show | Dystonia | Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of dystonia. | Fox SH, Kellett M, Moore AP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM | 2002 | Nabilone | Controlled study | No significant reduction in dystonia following treatment with nabilone | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis | Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids in MS. | Killestein J, Hoogervorst EL, Reif M, Kalkers NF, Van Loenen AC, Staats PG, Gorter RW, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH | 2002 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Compared with placebo, neither THC nor plant-extract treatment reduced spasticity. | ||||||
Show | Preliminary observation with dronabinol in patients with intractable pruritus secondary to cholestatic liver disease. | Neff GW, O’Brien CB, Reddy KR, Bergasa NV, Regev A, Molina E, Amaro R, Rodriguez MJ, Chase V, Jeffers L, Schiff E. | 2002 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | THC signficantly reduced intractable cholestatic related pruritus | |||||||
Show | Spasticity | A casuistic rationale for the treatment of spastic and myocloni in a childhood neurodegenerative disease: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis of the type Jansky-Bielschowsky. | Lorenz R. | 2002 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement of spasticity | ||||||
Show | Chronic Cannabis Use in the Compassionate Investigational New Drug Program: An Examination of Benefits and Adverse Effects of Legal Clinical Cannabis | E. Russo, M.L. Mathre, A. Byrne, R. Velin, P.J. Bach, J. Sanchez-Ramos, K.A. Kirlin | 2002 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Effective treatment of different serious conditions with cannabis | |||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Crack heads and roots daughters: The therapeutic use of cannabis in Jamaica. | Dreher M. | 2002 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis was the most effective and readily available therapy to quit cocaine use | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Clinical Cannabis: To Eat or Not to Eat? | Curry W-NL | 2002 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis effective in treating nausea and vomiting in pregnant women | ||||||
Show | Cannabis treatments in obstetrics and gynecology: A historical review. | Russo E. | 2002 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis was effective in a wide range of gynecological conditions | |||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Müller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Emrich HM. | Combined treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-THC and dopamine receptor agonists. | 2002 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | THC may be combined with neuroleptics | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Cannabinoids reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. | Sieradzan KA, Fox SH, Hill M, Dick JP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM | 2001 | Nabilone | Controlled study | significant reduction of levodopa-induced dyskinesia | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Antiemetic efficacy of smoked marijuana: subjective and behavioral effects on nausea induced by syrup of ipecac. | Soderpalm AH, Schuster A, de Wit H | 2001 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Ondansetron superior to cannabis in reducing nausea and vomiting | ||||||
Show | Spinal cord injury | Clinical investigation of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as an alternative therapy for overactive bladders in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. | Hagenbach U, Ghafoor N, Brenneisen R, Luz S, Mäder M. | 2001 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Significant improvement of some parameters of bladder function | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Acute and chronic effects of cannabis based medicinal extract on refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with advanced multiple sclerosis – early results | Brady CM, DasGupta R, Wiseman OJ, Berkley KJ, Fowler CJ | 2001 | Cannabis | Open study | Mean maximum cystometric capacity increased | ||||||
Show | Pain | [Tetrahydrocannabinol for treatment of chronic pain] [Article in German] | Elsner F, Radbruch L, Sabatowski R. | 2001 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Sufficient pain relief in three patients | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Effects of smoked cannabis and oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on nausea and emesis after cancer chemotherapy: A review of state clinical trials. | Musty RE, Rossi R. | 2001 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Open study | Cannabis caused symptom relief in 70-100%, dronabinol caused symptom relief in 76-88% | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Spasticity;Pain | Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Carter GT, Rosen BS. | 2001 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis relieved several symptoms of ALS | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS | Differential Effects of Medical Marijuana Based on Strain and Route of Administration: A Three-Year Observational Study | Corral VL | 2001 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | |||||||
Show | Hemp for headache: An in-depth historical and scientific review of cannabis in migraine treatment. | Russo EB | 2001 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis may be effective in the treatment of headache | |||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Marijuana Use in HIV-Positive and AIDS Patients: Results of an Anonymous Mail Survey | Sidney S. | 2001 | Cannabis | Survey | 22.4 % used cannabis for medicinal purposes | ||||||
Show | Pain | Antinociceptive, subjective and behavioral effects of smoked marijuana in humans. | Greenwald MK, Stitzer ML. | 2000 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis produced dose-dependent antinociception | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Randomised controlled trial of cannabis based medicine (CBM, Stativex®) to treat detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis. | Kavia R, De Ridder D, Sarantis N, Constantinescu C, Fowler. | 2000 | Cannabis | Controlled study | There was no effect on daily incontinence, but the cannabis extract was superior to placebo for nocturia. | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Treatment of Tourette’s syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Kolbe H, Emrich HM. | 1999 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement of tics and obsessive-compulsive behavior | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis;Pain | Analgesic effect of the cannabinoid analogue nabilone is not mediated by opioid receptors. | Hamann W, di Vadi PP. | 1999 | Nabilone | Open study | Relieve of pain | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Therapeutic use of cannabis by crack addicts in Brazil. | Labigalini E Jr, Rodrigues LR, Da Silveira DX. | 1999 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis use helped patients to quit crack use by reducing the craving symptoms | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Therapeutic use of cannabis by crack addicts in Brazil. | Labigalini E, Jr., Rodrigues LR, Da Silveira DX. | 1999 | Cannabis | Open study | Cannabis reduced craving and helped patients to quit cocaine | ||||||
Show | Bipolar disorders | The use of cannabis as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder: anecdotal evidence and the need for clinical research. | Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. | 1998 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | A number of patients find cannabis (marihuana) useful in the treatment of their bipolar disorder | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Cannabinoids: possible role in patho-physiology and therapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. | Muller-Vahl KR, Kolbe H, Schneider U, Emrich HM. | 1998 | Cannabis | Survey | Evidence that marijuana improves tics and behavioural disorders in TS. | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | The effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone on L-DOPA induced dyskinesia in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). | Sieradzan KA, Fox SH, Dick J, Brotchie JM. | 1998 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Activation of cannabinoid receptors can reduce L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in man without aggravating parkinsonism. | ||||||
Show | Hiccups | Marijuana for intractable hiccups. | Gilson I, Busalacchi M. | 1998 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Smoking cannabis stopped hiccups that did not respond to usual medications on the 8th day | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Multiple sclerosis;Pain;Tremor;Depression | The perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosis. | Consroe P, Musty R, Rein J, Tillery W, Pertwee R | 1997 | Cannabis | Survey | In more than 80% improvement of spasticity, pain, tremor, depression, anxiety, and paresthesia | ||||||
Show | Pain | Pain relief with oral cannabinoids in familial Mediterranean fever. | Holdcroft A, Smith M, Jacklin A, Hodgson H, Smith B, Newton M, Evans F | 1997 | Cannabis | Controlled study | reduction of need for morphin | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Intractable nausea and vomiting due to gastrointestinal mucosal metastases relieved by tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol). | Gonzalez-Rosales F, Walsh D | 1997 | Delta-9-THC | Uncontrolled case report | patients was treated with several antiemetic drugs, but it was not until dronabinol was added that the nausea and vomiting stopped | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Long-term efficacy and safety of dronabinol for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated anorexia. | Beal JE, Olson R, Lefkowitz L, Laubenstein L, Bellman P, Yangco B, Morales JO, Murphy R, Powderly W, Plasse TF, Mosdell KW, Shepard KV | 1997 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | tendency to stable weight for 7 months | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | The safety and pharmacokinetics of single-agent and combination therapy with megestrol acetate and dronabinol for the treatment of HIV wasting syndrome. The DATRI 004 Study Group. Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative. | Timpone JG, Wright DJ, Li N, Egorin MJ, Enama ME, Mayers J, Galetto G | 1997 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | weight loss with THC, weight gain with megestrol acetate | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Alzheimer’s disease | Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. | Volicer L, Stelly M, Morris J, McLaughlin J, Volicer BJ | 1997 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | higher weight gain with THC; reduction of disturbed behaviour with THC | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer chemotherapy | Marijuana to prevent nausea and vomiting in cancer patients: a survey of clinical oncologists. | Schwartz RH, Voth EA, Sheridan MJ. | 1997 | Cannabis | Survey | Only a small percentage of oncologists prescribed marijuana | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis; Spinal cord injury; Spasticity; Pain | The effect of orally and rectally administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spasticity: a pilot study with 2 patients. | Brenneisen R, Egli A, Elsohly MA, Henn V, Spiess Y | 1996 | Delta-9-THC | improvement of joint function and ability to walk; in 1 patient additional alleviation of pain | |||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy; Nausea/vomiting | An efficient new cannabinoid antiemetic in pediatric oncology. | Abrahamov A, Abrahamov A, Mechoulam R | 1995 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | complete prevention of emesis | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis; Spasticity | Nabilone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. | Martyn CN, Illis LS, Thom J | 1995 | Nabilone | Controlled study | improvement of muscle spasms and frequency of nocturia | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS;Depression | Dronabinol as a treatment for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS. | Beal JE, Olson R, Laubenstein L, Morales JO, Bellman P, Yangco B, Lefkowitz L, Plasse TF, Shepard KV | 1995 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | increased appetite; improvement in mood; stabel weight | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury | Treatment of spasticity in spinal cord injury with dronabinol, a tetrahydrocannabinol derivative. | Kogel RW, Johnson PB, Chintam R, Robinson CJ, Nemchausky BA. | 1995 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Spasticity was markedly improved in 2 o 5 patients | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer | A phase II study of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for appetite stimulation in cancer-associated anorexia. | Nelson K, Walsh D, Deeter P, Sheehan F | 1994 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | increase of appetite in 13 patients | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis | Short-term effects of smoking marijuana on balance in patients with multiple sclerosis and normal volunteers | Greenberg HS, Werness SAS, Pugh JE, Andrus RO, Anderson DJ, Domino EF | 1994 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis reduced posture and balance in patients with MS | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Effect of nabilone on nausea and vomiting after total abdominal hysterectomy. | Lewis IH, Campbell DN, Barrowcliffe MP. | 1994 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone and metoclopramide were equally effective in reducing nausea and vomiting | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Effect of dronabinol on nutritional status in HIV infection. | Struwe M, Kaempfer SH, Geiger CJ, Pavia AT, Plasse TF, Shepard KV, Ries K, Evans TG. | 1993 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Trends toward weight gain, improved appetite, decreased symptom stress | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Effective treatment of Tourette’s syndrome with marijuana. | Hemming M, Yellowlees PM. | 1993 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement of symptoms with cannabis | ||||||
Show | HIV/AIDS; Appetite loss/weight loss; Depression | Dronabinol stimulates appetite and causes weight gain in HIV patients. | Plasse T, Conant M, Gorter R, Shepard KV | 1992 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | increase in appetite, trend toward weight gain | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Dronabinol effects on weight in patients with HIV infection. | Gorter R, Seefried M, Volberding P | 1992 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | weight gain | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Dronabinol and prochlorperazine in combination for treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | Lane M, Vogel CL, Ferguson J, Krasnow S, Saiers JL, Hamm J | 1991 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | prochlorperazine better than THC, both drugs combined better than both alone | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;HIV/AIDS | Recent clinical experience with dronabinol. | Plasse TF, Gorter RW, Krasnow SH, Lane M, Shepard KV, Wadleigh RG | 1991 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Significant weight gain | ||||||
Show | Controlled clincal trial of cannabidiol in Huntington’s disease. | Consroe P, Laguna J, Allender J, Snider S, Stern L, Sandyk R, Kennedy K, Schram K | 1991 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | CBD was neither symptomatically effective nor toxic. | |||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer chemotherapy | Marijuana as antiemetic medicine: a survey of oncologists’ experiences and attitudes. | Doblin RE, Kleiman MA. | 1991 | Cannabis | Survey | 54% of oncologists thought marijuana should be available on prescription | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury;Pain | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol shows antispastic and analgesic effects in a single case double-blind trial. | Maurer M, Henn V, Dittrich A, Hofmann A | 1990 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC and codeine reduced pain; THC reduced spasticity | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer | Dronabinol enhancement of appetite in cancer patients. | Wadleigh R, Spaulding GM, Lumbersky B, Zimmer M, Shepard K, Plasse T | 1990 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Patients continued to loose, but the weight loss decreased in all groups; appetite and mood increased | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Marijuana for parkinsonian tremor. | Frankel JP, Hughes A, Lees AJ, Stern GM. | 1990 | Cannabis | Open study | No improvement of tremor | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss;Cancer | Dronabinol enhancement of appetite in cancer patients. | Wadleigh R, Spaulding GM, Lumbersky B, Zimmer M, Shepard K, Plasse T. | 1990 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | Dronabinol stimulated mood and appetite | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis; Spasticity; Ataxia | Effect of cannabinoids on spasticity and ataxia in multiple sclerosis. | Meinck HM, Schönle PW, Conrad B | 1989 | Cannabis | Controlled study | improvement of tremor, spasticity and ataxia | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;HIV/AIDS | Nabilone as effective therapy for intractable nausea and vomiting in AIDS. | Green ST, Nathwani D, Goldberg DJ, Kennedy DH. | 1989 | Nabilone | Uncontrolled case report | Intractable nausea and vomiting was effectively relieved with nabilone | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Efficacy of tetrahydrocannabinol in patients refractory to standard anti-emetic therapy | McCabe M, Smith FP, Goldberg D, Macdonald J, Woolley PV, Warren R | 1988 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC decreased nausea and vomiting in 23 of 36 (64%) patients | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss | Effects of smoked marijuana on food intake and body weight of humans living in a residential laboratory. | Foltin RW, Fischman MW, Byrne MF. | 1988 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Increases in body weight during periods of active marijuana smoking were greater than predicted by caloric intake alone. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | A randomized trial of oral nabilone and prochlorperazine compared to intravenous metoclopramide and dexamethasone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin or cisplatin analogues. | Cunningham D, Bradley CJ, Forrest GJ, Hutcheon AW, Adams L, Sneddon M, Harding M, Kerr DJ, Soukop M, Kaye SB. | 1988 | Nabilone | Open study | Metoclopramide/dexamethasone superior to nabilone/prochlorperazine | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Inhalation marijuana as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy. | Vinciguerra V, Moore T, Brennan E. | 1988 | Cannabis | Open study | Marijuana effective as antiemetic agent | ||||||
Show | Tourette’s syndrome | Marijuana and Tourette’s syndrome. | Sandyk R, Awerbuch G. | 1988 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | The patients notes a significant amelioration of symptoms when smoking cannabis | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis; Spasticity | Delta-9-THC in the treatment of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. | Ungerleider JT, Andyrsiak T, Fairbanks L, Ellison GW, Myers LW | 1987 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | significant subjective improvement in spasticity at doses of 7.5 mg and above; no objective improvement | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Nabilone versus prochlorperazine for control of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis in children: a double-blind, crossover trial. | Chan HS, Correia JA, MacLeod SM | 1987 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone effective as antiemetic drug for children | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | A double-blind randomised cross-over comparison of nabilone and metoclopramide in the control of radiation-induced nausea. | Priestman SG, Priestman TJ, Canney PA. | 1987 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone similar effective as metoclopramide | ||||||
Show | Pain | Lack of effect of cannabidiol in sustained neuropathia. | Lindstrom P, Lindblom U, Boreus L. | 1987 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | no effect of CBD on pain | ||||||
Show | Dystonia; Parkinson’s disease | Open label evaluation of cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders. | Consroe P, Sandyk R, Snider SR | 1986 | Cannabidiol | Open study | 20-50% improvement of dystonia; deterioration of tremor and hypokinesia in 2 patients with Parkinson’s disease | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Anticonvulsant effect of cannabidiol. | Ames FR, Cridland S | 1986 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | no significant effect in addition to standard medication | ||||||
Show | Spasticity | Effect of Delta-9-THC on EMG Measurements in Human Spasticity | Truong XT, Hanigan WC | 1986 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC reduced several types of spastic manifestations | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss | Behavioral analysis of marijuana effects on food intake in humans. | Foltin RW, Fishman MW, Brady JV. | 1986 | Cannabis | Controlled study | The administration of two or three active marijuana cigarettes during the social access period increased average daily caloric intake. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Nabilone and metoclopramide in the treatment of nausea and vomiting due to cisplatinum: a double blind study. | Crawford SM, Buckman R. | 1986 | Nabilone | Controlled study | No difference between nabilone and metoclopramide | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Nabilone: an alternative antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy. | Dalzell AM, Bartlett H, Lilleyman JS. | 1986 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Even for young children nabilone is an effective antiemetic, superior to domperidone. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Crossover comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of nabilone and alizapride in patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer receiving cisplatin therapy. | Niederle N, Schutte J, Schmidt CG. | 1986 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone superior to alizapride. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Prospective randomized double-blind trial of nabilone versus domperidone in the treatment of cytotoxic-induced emesis. | Pomeroy M, Fennelly JJ, Towers M. | 1986 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone superior to domperidone | ||||||
Show | Dystonia | Cannabidiol in dystonic movement disorders. | Sandyk R, Snider SR, Consroe P, Elias SM. | 1986 | Cannabidiol | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabidiol (CBD) reduced dystonic movements | ||||||
Show | Spasticity | The effect of delta-9-THC on human spasticity. | Hanigan WC, Destree R, Truong XT. | 1986 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Delta-9-THC proved clinically beneficial in two of five patients with intractable spasticity. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | THC or Compazine for the cancer chemotherapy patient–the UCLA study. Part II: Patient drug preference. | Ungerleider JT, Sarna G, Fairbanks LA, Goodnight J, Andrysiak T, Jamison K. | 1985 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | nausea reduction was the main determinant of preference between THC and prochlorperazine | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | A cross-over comparison of nabilone and prochlorperazine for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy. | Niiranen A, Mattson K. | 1985 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone is a moderately effective anti-emetic drug | ||||||
Show | Parkinson’s disease | Beneficial and adverse effects of cannabidiol in a Parkinson patient with sinemet-induced dystonic dyskinesia. | Snider SR, Consroe P. | 1985 | Cannabidiol | Uncontrolled case report | Improvement of dyskinesia | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Antiemetic efficacy of levonantradol compared to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | Citron ML, Herman TS, Vreeland F, Krasnow SH, Fossieck BE Jr, Harwood S, Franklin R, Cohen MH. | 1985 | Delta-9-THC;Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Levonantradol appears to be at least as effective an antiemetic as THC ; well-tolerated side-effects. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Antiemetic therapy: a review of recent studies and a report of a random assignment trial comparing metoclopramide with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | Gralla RJ, Tyson LB, Bordin LA, Clark RA, Kelsen DP, Kris MG, Kalman LB, Groshen S | 1984 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Poorer antiemetic control and more side effects with dronabinol than with the metoclopramide, both better than placebo | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Randomized double blind comparison of delta-9-tetrahydroicannabinol (THC) and marijuana as chemotherapy antiemetics. | Levitt M, Faiman C, Hawks R, Wilson A | 1984 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | 9 patients no preference; 7 preferred oral THC, 4 preferred marijuana cigarettes (double-blind, double dummy crossover study) | ||||||
Show | Asthma | Acute and subacute bronchial effects of oral cannabinoids. | Gong H Jr, Tashkin DP, Simmons MS, Calvarese B, Shapiro BJ | 1984 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | acute bronchodilator activity of delta 9-THC; no effect of cannabidiol; daily use of delta 9-THC not associated with tolerance | ||||||
Show | Dystonia | Treatment of Meige’s syndrome with cannabidiol. | Snider S.R, Consroe P. | 1984 | Cannabidiol | Uncontrolled case report | 50% improvement in spasm severity and frequency | ||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy | Dose ranging evaluation of the antiemetic efficacy and toxicity of intramuscular levonantradol in cancer subjects with chemotherapy-induced emesis. | Stambaugh JE Jr, McAdams J, Vreeland F. | 1984 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Levonantradol more effective than placebo | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer | An initial evaluation of Nabilone in the control of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | Priestman TJ, Priestman SG. | 1984 | Nabilone | Open study | Patients who did not respond to metaclopramide responded to nabilone. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer | Tetrahydrocannabinol vs. prochlorperazine. The effects of two antiemetics on patients undergoing radiotherapy. | Ungerleider JT, Andrysiak TA, Fairbanks LA, Tesler AS, Parker RG. | 1984 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC was slightly superior to prochlorperazine | ||||||
Show | Multiple sclerosis; Tremor | Tetrahydrocannabinol for tremor in multiple sclerosis. | Clifford DB | 1983 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | 2 patients with objective improvement, 5 with subjective improvement | ||||||
Show | Asthma | Comparison of bronchial effects of nabilone and terbutaline in healthy and asthmatic subjects. | Gong H Jr, Tashkin DP, Calvarese B | 1983 | Nabilone | Controlled study | moderate bronchodilator action in healthy subjects; no difference to placebo in asthmatics | ||||||
Show | Appetite loss/weight loss | A double-blind trial of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in primary anorexia nervosa. | Gross H, Ebert MH, Faden VB, Goldberg SC, Kaye WH, Caine ED, Hawks R, Zinberg N | 1983 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | no significant difference between THC and diazepam | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Anti-emetic efficacy and toxicity of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in lung cancer chemotherapy. | Ahmedzai S, Carlyle DL, Calder IT, Moran F. | 1983 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Symptom scores were significantly better for patients on nabilone for nausea, retching and vomiting. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | [Randomized comparative trial of a new anti-emetic: nabilone, in cancer patients treated with cisplatin][Article in French] | George M, Pejovic MH, Thuaire M, Kramar A, Wolff JP. | 1983 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone, in comparison with chlorpromazine did not significantly reduce the number of vomiting, but most patients preferred nabilone. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | A randomised multicentre single blind comparison of a cannabinoid anti-emetic (levonantradol) with chlorpromazine in patients receiving their first cytotoxic chemotherapy. | Hutcheon AW, Palmer JB, Soukop M, Cunningham D, McArdle C, Welsh J, Stuart F, Sangster G, Kaye S, Charlton D, et al. | 1983 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | 0.5 mg levonantradol was a more effective antiemtic than 25 mg chlorpromazine | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer chemotherapy | Cannabis and cancer chemotherapy: a comparison of oral delta-9-THC and prochlorperazine. | Ungerleider JT, Andrysiak T, Fairbanks L, Goodnight J, Sarna G, Jamison K. | 1982 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No significant differences between THC and prochlorperazine | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury | Cannabis effect on spasticity in spinal cord injury. | Malec J, Harvey RF, Cayner JJ. | 1982 | Cannabis | Survey | Decreased spasticity with marijuana use | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Randomised clinical trial of levonantradol and chlorpromazine in the prevention of radiotherapy-induced vomiting. | Lucraft HH, Palmer MK | 1982 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | The frequency of vomiting was similar after levonantradol and chlorpromazine. | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | A double-blind, controlled trial of nabilone vs. prochlorperazine for refractory emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy. | Johansson R, Kilkku P, Groenroos M. | 1982 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Severity of nausea and number of vomiting ejections and dry retching episodes were significantly less under nabilone. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | A multi-institutional Phase III study of nabilone vs. placebo in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | Jones SE, Durant JR, Greco FA, Robertone A. | 1982 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Nabilone is an effective antiemetic agent for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity | Treatment of human spasticity with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | Petro DJ, Ellenberger C Jr | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | reduced spasticity with 10 mg THC | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | A prospective evaluation of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in patients receiving adriamycin and cytoxan chemotherapy. | Chang AE, Shiling DJ, Stillman RC, Goldberg NH, Seipp CA, Barofsky I, Rosenberg | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | no significant reduction of the number of vomiting, volume of emesis, degree of nausea, or duration of nausea | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Dose vs response of tetrahydroannabinol (THC) vs prochlorperazine as chemotherapy antiemetics. | Levitt M, Wilson A, Bowman D, Faiman C, Kemel S, Krepart G | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC 15 mg was the most effective against vomiting, prochlorperazine was the most effective antinauseant | ||||||
Show | Pain | Evaluation of intramuscular levonantradol and placebo in acute postoperative pain. | Jain AK, Ryan JR, McMahon FG, Smith G. | 1981 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | significant pain relief compared with placebo | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Topical delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and aqueous dynamics in glaucoma. | Merritt JC, Perry DD, Russell DN, Jones BF | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | no effect | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Comparative trial of the antiemetic effects of THC and haloperidol | Neidhart JA, Gagen MM, Wilson HE, Young DC | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC and haloperidol equally effective | ||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy;Glaucoma | Physiologic observations in a controlled clinical trial of the antiemetic effectiveness of 5, 10, and 15 mg of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cancer chemotherapy. Ophthalmologic implications. | Levitt M, Wilson A, Bowman D, Kemel S, Krepart G, Marks V, Schipper H, Thomson G, Weinerman B, Weinerman R | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | Patients were remarkably free of adverse physiologic effects. | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Nabilone: an effective antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. | Einhorn LH, Nagy C, Furnas B, Williams SD. | 1981 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Sixty patients (75 per cent) reported nabilone to be more effective than prochlorperazine for relief of nausea and vomiting. | ||||||
Show | Pain | A study of levonantradol, a cannabinol derivative, for analgesia in post operative pain. | Kantor TG, Hopper M. | 1981 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Levonantradol has analgetic activity but may have central nervous system adverse effects in humans. | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Clinical relevance of cannabis tolerance and dependence. | Jones RT, Benowitz NL, Herning RI. | 1981 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | |||||||
Show | Anxiety | The efficacy and safety of nabilone (a synthetic cannabinoid) in the treatment of anxiety. | Fabre LF, McLendon D. | 1981 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Dramatic improvement in anxiety | ||||||
Show | Anxiety | Single-dose study of nabilone in anxious volunteers. | Glass RM, Uhlenhuth EH, Hartel FW, Schuster CR, Fischman MW. | 1981 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Antianxiety effects in 2 of the 8 subjects | ||||||
Show | Pain | Effects of moderate and high doses of marihuana on thermal pain: a sensory decision theory analysis. | Clark WC, Janal MN, Zeidenberg P, Nahas GG. | 1981 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis increased perseption of pain | ||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy; Nausea/vomiting | Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer: a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine. | Sallan SE, Cronin C, Zelen M, Zinberg NE | 1980 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | no nausea and vomiting in 36 of 79 courses of chemotherapy with THC compared to 16 of 78 courses in patients who received prochlorperazine; improved appetite with THC | ||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy; Nausea/vomiting | Antiemetic effect of tetrahydrocannabinol. Compared with placebo and prochlorperazine in chemotherapy-associated nausea and emesis. | Orr LE, McKernan JF, Bloome B | 1980 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | no nausea and no vomiting (complete response) in 73% (40/55 courses) in THC group | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | The antiemetic activity of tetrahydrocanabinol versus metoclopramide and thiethylperazine in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. | Colls BM, Ferry DG, Gray AJ, Harvey VJ, McQueen EG. | 1980 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | tetrahydrocannabinol given by mouth has an antiemetic effect of approximately the same order as thiethylperazine and metoclopramide | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients. | Cunha JM, Carlini EA, Pereira AE, Ramos OL, Pimentel C, Gagliardi R, Sanvito WL, Lander N, Mechoulam R | 1980 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | 4 of the 8 CBD subjects remained almost free of convulsive crises and 3 other patients demonstrated partial improvement | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Pain | Marihuana as a therapeutic agent for muscle spasm or spasticity. | Petro DJ | 1980 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Relief from spasticity and pain | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Effect of marihuana on intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma. | Merritt JC, Crawford WJ, Alexander PC, Anduze AL, Gelbart SS | 1980 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Marihuana inhalation decreased intraocular and blood pressure. | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Double-blind comparison of the antiemetic effects of nabilone and prochlorperazine on chemotherapy-induced emesis. | Steele N, Gralla RJ, Braun DW Jr, Young CW. | 1980 | Nabilone | Controlled study | Both nabilone and prochlorperazine produced antiemetic effects | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Chronic administration of cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients. | Cunha JM, Carlini EA, Pereira AE, Ramos OL, Pimentel C, Gagliardi R, Sanvito WL, Lander N, Mechoulam R | 1980 | Cannabidiol | Controlled study | 4 of the 8 CBD subjects remained almost free of convulsive crises and 3 other patients demonstrated partial improvement | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic for patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. A comparison with prochlorperazine and a placebo. | Frytak S, Moertel CG, O’Fallon JR, Rubin J, Creagan ET, O’Connell MJ, Schutt AJ, Schwartau NW | 1979 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC and PCP equally effective; both better than placebo; THC produced psychic effects in 82% | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. A prospective, randomized evaluation. | Chang AE, Shiling DJ, Stillman RC, Goldberg NH, Seipp CA, Barofsky I, Simon RM, Rosenberg SA. | 1979 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | 14 of 15 patients had decreased vomiting and nausea | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as an antiemetic in patients treated with cancer chemotherapy; a double-blind cross-over trial against placebo | Kluin-Nelemans JC, Nelemans FA, Meuwissen OJATh, Maes RAA | 1979 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | dronabinol superior to placebo (P<.01 for difference between groups at days 1 and 8 independently) | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on arterial and intraocular hypertension. | Crawford WJ, Merritt JC | 1979 | Cannabis | Controlled study | drop in IOP parallel with drop in arterial blood pressure | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting | Amelioration of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | Ekert H, Waters KD, Jurk IH, Mobilia J, Loughnan P | 1979 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting but not in all patients | ||||||
Show | Nausea/vomiting;Cancer;Cancer chemotherapy | Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. | Herman TS, Einhorn LH, Jones SE, Nagy C, Chester AB, Dean JC, Furnas B, Williams SD, Leigh SA, Dorr RT, Moon TE. | 1979 | Nabilone | Controlled study | When both drugs were compared, both nausea and vomiting episodes were significantly lower in patients given nabilone. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Effect of benzopyranoperidine, a delta-9-THC congener, on pain. | Jochimsen PR, Lawton RL, VerSteeg K, Noyes Jr R | 1978 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | Bezopyranoperidine was not more effective than placebo | ||||||
Show | Cancer;Pain | Effect of a nitrogen analog of tetrahydrocannabinol on cancer pain. | Staquet M, Gantt C, Machin D. | 1978 | Other cannabinoids | Controlled study | NIB was superior to placebo and to secobarbital but is not useful clinically because of the frequency of side effects. | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on intraocular pressure in humans. | Cooler P, Gregg JM | 1977 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | reduction in intraocular pressure | ||||||
Show | Pain | Effects of intravenous tetrahydrocannabinol on experimental and surgical pain. Psychological correlates of the analgesic response. | Raft D, Gregg J, Ghia J, Harris L | 1977 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | No pain relief with THC | ||||||
Show | Asthma | Bronchial effects of aerosolized delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy and asthmatic subjects. | Tashkin DP, Reiss S, Shapiro BJ, Calvarese B, Olsen JL, Lodge JW. | 1977 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | THC effective in healthy subjects and 3 asthmatic subjects; aerosol caused bronchoconstriction in 2 asthmatic subjects | ||||||
Show | Cancer; Appetite loss/weight loss; Depression | Regelson W, Butler JR, Schulz J, Kirk T, Peek L, Green ML, Zalis MO | 1976 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | weight gain with THC; weight los with placebo | |||||||
Show | Asthma | Bronchodilator effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol administered by aerosol of asthmatic patients. | Williams SJ, Hartley JP, Graham JD | 1976 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | significant broncholdilation with THC; faster action of salbutamol but both drugs equivalent at 1 hour | ||||||
Show | Cancer chemotherapy; Nausea/vomiting | Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. | Sallan SE, Zinberg NE, Frei E 3d | 1975 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | for patients completing the study there were 5 complete responses (no vomiting) and 7 partial responses (50% decrease of vomiting) of overall 15 courses | ||||||
Show | Cancer; Pain | Analgesic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. | Noyes R Jr, Brunk SF, Baram DA, Canter A | 1975 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | pain relief with 15-20 mg THC | ||||||
Show | Cancer; Pain | The analgesic properties of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine. | Noyes R Jr, Brunk SF, Avery DAH, Canter AC | 1975 | Delta-9-THC | Controlled study | milde analgesic effect; with 20 mg THC strong adverse effects | ||||||
Show | Epilepsy | Anticonvulsant nature of marihuana smoking. | Consroe PF, Wood GC, Buchsbaum H | 1975 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Cannabis was able to control seizures in conjunction with phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin. | ||||||
Show | Asthma | Effects of smoked marijuana in experimentally induced asthma. | Tashkin DP, Shapiro BJ, Lee YE, Harper CE | 1975 | Cannabis | Controlled study | after experimental induction of acute bronchospasm prompt correction of the bronchospasm with cannabis | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Marijuana smoking and reduced pressure in human eyes: drug action or epiphenomenon? | Flom MC, Adams AJ, Jones RT | 1975 | Delta-9-THC | Open study | IOP reduction in 7 of 15 | ||||||
Show | Asthma | Acute effects of smoked marijuana and oral delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on specific airway conductance in asthmatic subjects. | Tashkin DP, Shapiro BJ, Frank IM. | 1974 | Cannabis;Delta-9-THC;Cannabidiol | Controlled study | Smoked marijuana and oral THC caused significant bronchodilation of at least 2 hours duration. | ||||||
Show | Spasticity;Spinal cord injury;Pain | The perceived effects of marijuana on spinal cord injured males. | Dunn M, Davis R. | 1974 | Cannabis | Survey | Decrease in pain and spasticity. | ||||||
Show | Pain | Marihuana and pain. | Hill SY, Schwin R, Goodwin DW, Powell B. | 1974 | Cannabis | Controlled study | Cannabis increased pain sensitivity | ||||||
Show | Glaucoma | Marihuana smoking and intraocular pressure. | Hepler RS, Frank IR | 1971 | Cannabis | Open study | 9 of 11 had drop in intraocular pressure of 16-45% | ||||||
Show | Dependency/withdrawal | Cannabis substitution. An adjunctive therapeutic tool in the treatment of alcoholism. | Mikuriya TH | 1970 | Cannabis | Uncontrolled case report | Marijuana consumption may help to decrease alcolholic intake. | ||||||